社会规律与自由的困境——读《历史主义贫困论》

Social Laws and the Dilemma of Freedom—Reading The Poverty of Historicism

摘要: 自由是什么，怎样得到自由的疑问，是不同时期、不同学科、不同国度人们一种殊途同归的质疑。萨特认为人生而自由，但需要承担责任，面对着“他者即地狱”的困境；福柯认为每个人都受制于自身所建立的话语体系，且走不出“惩戒凝视”的范围。由此，我们转向社会历史观追寻答案，借波普尔和马克思主义对社会历史规律与自由的不同观点进一步思考，在社会实践的过程中才有可能实现自由。

Abstract: The question of what freedom is and how to get it is a question that people in different times, different disciplines and different countries share the same path. Sartre believed that people are born free, but they need to take responsibility and face the dilemma of “the other is hell”; Foucault believed that each person is subject to the discourse system established by himself, and cannot go beyond the scope of “disciplinary gaze”. Thus, we turn to the socio-historical perspective for answers, drawing on the different views of Karl Popper and Marxism on socio-historical laws and freedom to further consider the possibility of freedom in the process of social practice.