基于实测数据的停车设施出入口区域拥堵演变分析与关键节点识别

Congestion Evolution Analysis and Key Node Identification in Entrance and Exit Area of Parking Facilities Based on Measured Data

摘要: 准确分析停车设施出入口区域拥堵演变机理是解决拥堵问题的先决条件。为准确分析中微观尺度下停车设施出入口区域的拥堵演变机理，本文在主成分分析和偏最小二乘法的基础上，建立了适用于中微观交通流分析的空间稳健自回归模型，结合复杂网络理论，提出了拥堵传播分析方法与关键拥堵节点的识别方法。最后以扬州市西区附属医院停车设施出入口区域接入主路为例进行验证分析。结果表明，空间单元发生拥堵时，对其紧邻的空间单元传递影响最大，而随着邻接数的增大，这种传递效应也急剧衰减，其中4阶以内的相邻单元影响可占总影响效应的90%以上；出入口接入点处是拥堵产生的先发位置，拥堵效应自出入口处向上游和内车道逐次传播并逐渐衰减，其中横向传播效应更快衰减，使得拥堵的影响区域主要分布于最外侧车道。随着路段流量和驶入率的提高，关键拥堵节点数均有不同程度的增加，且关键节点的分布遵循从停车场出入口接入点向上游路段，由外侧车道向内侧车道扩散的趋势。本文的分析结果能够为缓解停车设施出入口区域交通拥堵提供理论指导，为管理部门找到最行之有效的管理措施，具有重要的理论研究意义和实际应用价值。

Abstract: It is a prerequisite to solve the congestion problem to analyze the congestion evolution mechan-ism in the entrance and exit area of parking facilities. In order to accurately analyze the conges-tion evolution mechanism in the entrance and exit area of parking facilities at the meso-micro scale, in this paper, a spatially robust autoregressive model suitable for meso-microscopic traffic flow analysis is established on the basis of principal component analysis and partial least square method, based on the complex network theory, the congestion propagation analysis method and the identification method of key congestion nodes are proposed. Finally, taking the main road access area of parking facilities in the affiliated hospital of West District of Yangzhou as an example to verify and analyze. The results show that the congestion of a space unit has the greatest influence on the transfer of its adjacent space units, and the transfer effect decreases sharply with the increase of the number of adjacent units, and the influence of adjacent units within the 4th order accounts for more than 90% of the total effect. The access point at the entrance and exit is the initial position of congestion. The congestion effect spreads successively from the exit and exit to the upstream and inner lanes and gradually decays, and the lateral propagation effect decays faster, so that the affected area of congestion is mainly distributed in the outermost lane. With the increase of traffic flow and entry rate, the number of critical congestion nodes increased to varying degrees, and the distribution of critical congestion nodes followed the trend of diffusion from the entrance and exit point of parking lot to the upstream road, and from the outside lane to the inside lane. The analysis results of this paper can provide theoretical guidance for alleviating traffic congestion in the entrance and exit area of parking facilities, and find the most effective management measures for the management department, which has important theoretical research significance and practical application value.