老年人两种抑制控制训练的方法：基于不同实验范式

Two Approaches to Inhibitory Control Training in Older Adults: Based on Different Experimental Paradigms

摘要: 随着年龄的增长，老年人的液态智力逐渐下降，这对其日常生活造成了严重的影响。但近期研究发现，认知训练能有效的迁移到液态智力这一高级认知功能上。作为基础但十分重要的认知机制，认知功能的训练多以抑制控制的训练为主。许多抑制控制领域的研究显示，无论是冲突抑制还是反应抑制在前额叶具有不同程度和具体区域的激活，而液态智力的发展对应脑区也是前额叶，且也有研究证实了二者存在高度相关。通过对前人研究的综述，发现不同范式的训练对于脑结构和功能的改变虽然都以前额叶为主，但具体区域和功能的改变不完全相同。本文通过对两种不同的抑制控制训练及其对应的范式和内容的综述，以期能为老年人的教育、医疗和日常生活等方面提供新的视角。

Abstract: As the age increases, the fluid intelligence of the elderly gradually declines, which has a serious impact on their daily life. However, recent studies have found that cognitive training can effec-tively transfer to the advanced cognitive function of liquid intelligence. As a basic but important cognitive mechanism, the training of cognitive function is mainly based on the training of inhibi-tory control. Many studies in the field of inhibitory control have shown that both conflict inhibi-tion and response inhibition have different degrees and specific activations in the prefrontal lobe, and the development of liquid intelligence corresponds to the prefrontal lobe, and some studies have also confirmed that there is a high correlation between the two. Through a review of previous studies, it is found that although the changes in brain structure and function of different paradigms are mainly in the frontal lobe, the changes in specific regions and functions are not exactly the same. In this paper, two different inhibitory control trainings and their corresponding paradigms and contents are reviewed in order to provide new perspectives for the education, medical care and daily life of the elderly.