方山柿杂交种子不同父本来源花粉的萌发及胚胎发育的观察
Observation on Pollen Germination and Embryonic Development of Different Paternal Parents of Hybrid Seeds of Diospyros kaki Thunb. cv. Fangshan
DOI: 10.12677/BR.2022.113034, PDF,   
作者: 王 阳, 俞敏娜, 吕洪飞*：浙江理工大学生命科学与医药学院，浙江 杭州；吕旭东, 严玲玲*：浙江省耕地质量与肥料管理总站，浙江 杭州；李军萍, 朱德俊, 应尚蛟：浙江省永康市自然资源和规划局，永康林业技术和种苗推广站，浙江 金华；高海力：浙江省公益林和国有林场管理总站，浙江 杭州
关键词: 方山柿；太秋甜柿；野柿；花粉萌发；花粉管生长；胚胎发育；胚败育；Diospyros kaki Thunb. cv. Fangshan； D. kaki Thunb. cv. “Taishuu”； D. kaki Thunb. var. sylvestris Makino； Pollen Germination； Pollen Tube Growth； Embryo Development； Embryo Abortion
摘要: 方山柿为优良的孤雌生殖无种子品种，为探究其杂交种子的形成，对太秋甜柿、野柿花粉的离体萌发率、方山柿与太秋甜柿、野柿杂交授粉亲和性以及方山柿的胚胎发育过程进行了研究。结果表明，太秋甜柿及野柿花粉萌发的最佳离体培养基配方为10%蔗糖、100 mg/L氯化钙、0.2%琼脂，并用硼酸调节pH至5.5；花粉离体培养6 h后，苯胺蓝染色观察：太秋甜柿花粉的萌发率为23.5% ± 0.2%，野柿的萌发率为25.6% ± 0.4%；太秋甜柿和野柿的花粉授粉与方山柿均具亲和性；正常杂交的胚在授粉后37、45、54、82 d依次发育至球形期、心形期、鱼雷形期和子叶形期，成熟种子纵轴长度大于2 cm；早期胚败育型表现为杂交胚退化消失，晚期胚败育型为杂交胚发育滞后，胚的着生位置偏斜。可得出结论，太秋甜柿及野柿均能成为方山柿杂交种子的父本来源，其中野柿的花粉活力更强，方山柿杂交后的胚胎发育的过程遵循柿属植物胚胎的发育规律。
Abstract: Diospyros kaki Thunb. cv. Fangshan is an excellent seedless parthenogenetic variety. To explore the formation of its hybrid seeds, the germination rate of pollen of D. kaki Thunb. cv. “Taishuu” and D. kaki Thunb. var. sylvestris Makino in vitro, the cross-pollination compatibility of D. kaki Thunb. cv. Fangshan with pollen of D. kaki Thunb. cv. “Taishuu” or D. kaki Thunb. var. sylvestris Makino, and the embryonic development process of D. kaki Thunb. cv. Fangshan hybrid seeds were studied. The results showed that the best in vitro medium is 10% sucrose, 100 mg/L calcium chloride, 0.2% agar and adjust the pH of boric acid to 5.5. The pollen germination rate of D. kaki Thunb. cv. “Taishuu” was 23.5% and that of D. kaki Thunb. var. sylvestris Makino was 25.6%. The cross pollination of D. kaki Thunb. cv. “Taishuu” and D. kaki Thunb. var. sylvestris Makino with D. kaki Thunb. cv. Fangshan had affinity. Normal hybrid embryo developed to globular embryo, heart-shaped stage, torpedo shaped stage and early cotyledon stage at 37, 45, 54 and 82 days after pollination, and the longitudinal axis length of seeds exceeded 2 cm after full maturity. The early embryo abortion type showed that the hybrid embryo degenerated and disappeared. The late embryo abortion type is hybrid embryo development lag, and the position of embryo implantation was skewed. It can be concluded that D. kaki Thunb. cv. “Taishuu” and D. kaki Thunb. var. sylvestris Makino could become the male parent source of D. kaki Thunb. cv. Fangshan hybrid seeds, D. kaki Thunb. var. sylvestris Makino has stronger pollen vitality. The embryonic development process of D. kaki Thunb. cv. Fangshan hybrid seeds followed the Diospyros developmental regularity.
文章引用：王阳, 吕旭东, 李军萍, 朱德俊, 俞敏娜, 高海力, 应尚蛟, 吕洪飞, 严玲玲. 方山柿杂交种子不同父本来源花粉的萌发及胚胎发育的观察[J]. 植物学研究, 2022, 11(3): 290-298. https://doi.org/10.12677/BR.2022.113034

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