被遗弃海员权利保障的立法现状及问题研究

Research on the Current Legislation and Problems of Abandoned Seafarers’ Rights Protection

摘要: 近年来，无论是国际还是国内都致力于对海员的保护，但海员被遗弃的情况层出不穷，尤其是在2020年初爆发新型冠状病毒肺炎以来，航运秩序被严重打乱，被遗弃海员的数量持续增长。国际海事组织以及国际劳工组织都为保障被遗弃海员的权利作出了努力和贡献，但是海员被遗弃的情况仍未得到改善甚至愈演愈烈。据此，本文从立法的角度出发，分析了被遗弃海员权利保障立法现状及问题。从立法角度介绍了国际公约及其修正案以及相关的法律文件，梳理了被遗弃海员权利保障国内立法的情况，在此基础上得出被遗弃海员权利难以得到保障的立法原因在于国际公约对被遗弃海员规定不完善以及国内立法对被遗弃海员保护力度弱，并就这两个方面进行了相应的论述和分析。

Abstract: In recent years, both international and domestic efforts have been devoted to the protection of sea-farers, but the cases of seafarers being abandoned have emerged one after another, especially since the outbreak of the COVID-2019 in early 2020, the shipping order has been seriously disrupted, and the number of abandoned seafarers has continued to grow. Both the International Maritime Organ-ization and the International Labour Organization have made efforts and contributions to safe-guarding the rights of abandoned seafarers, but the situation of seafarers being abandoned has not improved or even worsened. Accordingly, from the perspective of legislation, this paper analyzes the current situation and problems of legislation for the protection of the rights of abandoned sea-farers. This paper introduces the international conventions and their amendments and related le-gal documents from the perspective of legislation, and sorts out the domestic legislation on the protection of the rights of abandoned seafarers. The regulations on abandoned seafarers are not perfect and the domestic legislation is weak in protecting abandoned seafarers. The two aspects are discussed and analyzed accordingly.