振动对流体动压轴承设计性能的影响研究

Research on Effect of Vibration on the Design Performance of Hydrodynamic Bearing

摘要: 流体动压轴承广泛应用于机床的主轴系统中，起着定位和支撑的作用，与滚动轴承相比，具有承载能力大、整体尺寸小、摩擦功耗低、耐冲击性能好、抗击振动性强、旋转精度高等显著特点。过去的轴承设计只考虑了旋转摩擦发热引起的温升，但轴承内振动耗散引起的额外温升使油膜粘度下降，影响了所有的轴承特性，因此，本文讨论了轴振动引起的轴承设计特性对流体动压颈轴承的影响。轴承升温除了旋转摩擦产生的热量外，还必须考虑振动耗散引起的升温，比较了振动发热对动压颈轴承特性参数的影响，提出了考虑振动耗散引起的升温的动压颈轴承的设计。因此，以五个设计案例的数值模拟结果为依据，讨论了主轴振动对轴颈轴承性能的影响。

Abstract: Liquid dynamic pressure bearings are widely used in the spindle system of machine tools, playing the role of positioning and support. Compared with rolling bearings, they have remarkable features such as large load capacity, small overall size, low frictional power consumption, good impact resistance, strong resistance to shock vibration, and high rotational accuracy. In the past, the bearing design only considered the temperature rise caused by the heat of rotating friction, but the additional temperature rise caused by the dissipation of vibration in the bearing caused the oil film viscosity to decrease, which affected all the bearing characteristics; therefore, this paper discusses the bearing design characteristics caused by the shaft vibration on the influence of oil dynamic pressure neck bearing. Based on the fact that the bearing temperature rise must consider the heat rise caused by vibration dissipation in addition to the heat generated by rotational friction, the effect of vibration heat generation on the characteristic parameters of the dynamic pressurized neck bearing is compared and the design of the dynamic pressurized neck bearing considering the heat rise caused by vibration dissipation is proposed. Therefore, the effects of spindle vibration on journal bearing performance are discussed based on the numerical simulation results of five design cases.