我国碳酸盐岩型铀矿床成矿特征

Metallogenic Characteristics of Carbonate Type Uranium Deposits in China

摘要: 本文试图初步总结我国产于灰岩和白云岩内，碳酸盐岩型铀矿床成矿特征，该类矿床属我国碳硅泥岩型铀矿床大类中的一个亚类。笔者通过对国外碳酸盐岩铀矿床的文献调查，及国内相关的10个矿床现场访问考察，和一个大型矿床的专題研究，结合前人研究成果，采用成矿分析法和成矿类比法研究后，认为有必要对我国碳酸盐岩铀矿床成矿特征进行单独论述。研究得出我国碳酸盐岩型铀矿床成矿特征是，空间分布集中于江南赣湘粤桂黔五省，及西秦岭川北–甘南的两片碳酸盐岩发育区。矿床层控明显，断裂控矿突出，矿石建造多彩，矿床成因多样，成矿大地构造演化趋于一致等。铀成矿演化具前后叠加，塔式迭增富集进程。铀矿成因以构造–热液为主，工业铀成矿年龄集中在中新生代，属活化阶段形成的工业矿床。矿床规模大中小型具全，中小型居多。矿床铀品位偏低，在0.1%~0.3%之间。矿体集中产出，开采方便。找矿空间和找矿潜力大，值得重视。

Abstract: This paper attempts to preliminarily summarize the metallogenic characteristics of carbonate type uranium deposits in limestone and dolomite in China. These deposits belong to a subclass of carbonaceous siliceous mudstone type uranium deposits in China. Based on the literature investigation of foreign carbonate uranium deposits, the on-site visit to 10 domestic related deposits, and the special study of a large deposit, combined with the previous research results, and using the metallogenic analysis method and metallogenic analogy method, it is necessary to discuss separately the metallogenic characteristics of carbonate uranium deposits in China. The study of the metallogenic characteristics of carbonate type uranium deposits in China shows that the spatial distribution is concentrated in Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi and Guizhou, the five provinces of Jiangnan, and the two carbonate rock development areas of northern Sichuan and southern Gansu in the West Qinling Mountains. The regional stratabound of most deposits is obvious, the fault ore control is more prominent, the ore formation is rich and colorful, the genetic types of deposits are diverse, and the metallogenicgeostructure tends to be consistent in time and space. The study shows that the uranium metallogenic evolution has the process of superposition before and after, tower superposition and enrichment. Uranium mineralization is mainly tectonic hydrothermal. The age of industrial uranium mineralization is concentrated in the Meso Cenozoic, which is an industrial deposit formed in the activation stage. The scale of the deposit is large, medium and small, and most of them are medium and small. The uranium grade of the deposit is low, ranging from 0.1% to 0.3%. The ore body is concentrated and the mining is convenient. The prospecting space and prospecting potential are large and worthy of attention.