形状突显线索的呈现频率对注意捕获的影响

The Effect of the Frequency of Outstanding Shape Cues on Attentional Capture

摘要: 本研究将以往空间线索范式中的突显线索的圆点改为突显形状，探究形状突显线索呈现的频率对注意捕获的影响。实验1要求被试进行特征搜索，线索呈现时间为250 ms，采用2 (线索有效性：有效线索、无效线索) × 2 (线索的频率：22%的线索频率、100%的线索频率) × 2 (匹配性：匹配、不匹配)的混合实验设计。结果表明：在匹配条件下，高频和低频都会产生注意捕获，说明形状突显作为线索可以产生注意捕获效应；在不匹配条件下，低频条件没有出现注意捕获效应，反而在高频条件下出现了注意捕获，说明形状作为突显线索，具有和颜色突显线索不一样的注意捕获机制。实验2在实验1的基础上，改变线索呈现的时间为50 ms，继续探究线索的频率效应。实验结果表明：在匹配条件下，高频和低频都会产生注意捕获效应；在不匹配条件下，高频和低频都产生了注意捕获效应，没有得到线索的频率效应，研究结果没有支持期待违背的注意捕获理论。

Abstract: In this study, the outstanding clues in the previous spatial cue paradigm were changed to out-standing shapes to explore the influence of the frequency of shape outstanding clues on attentional capture. In experiment 1, the subjects were required to conduct feature search, clues were presented 250 ms, and the mixed experiment design of 2 (cue validity: valid cue, invalid cue) ×2 (cue frequency: 22% of the cue frequency, 100% of the cue frequency) ×2 (matching: matching, mismatching) was adopted. The results show that: under the matching condition, both high and low frequencies can produce attentional capture, indicating that the outstanding shape clues can produce attentional capture effect. Under the mismatching condition, the low-frequency condition does not show the attentional capture effect, but the high-frequency condition shows the attentional capture, which indicates that the shape, as an outstanding cue, has a different attentional capture mechanism. On the basis of experiment 1, experiment 2 changed the time of cue presentation to 50 ms, and continued to explore the frequency effect of cue. The experimental results show that under the matching condition: both high and low frequencies can produce attentional capture effect. Under the matching condition: both high and low frequencies can produce the attentional capture effect, so the frequency effect was not obtained. The results do not support the attentional capture theory of expectation violation.