紧急情况下商圈地铁站的行人疏散建模及策略研究

Modeling and Strategies for Pedestrian Evacuation from Subway Stations in Commercial Areas under Emergency Situation

摘要: 大型商业圈人员密集程度高，行人流与交通流的组成复杂，紧急情况下的行人疏散成为保障人民生命财产安全的重要问题。为研究现有商业圈附近地铁站疏散策略的优劣，降低疏散后人群对地面商业的影响，以太原某地铁站为原型，进行实地调查，基于现有文献与相关文件确定模拟参数，利用Pathfinder软件进行不同人员密度的模拟仿真，对仿真得到的数据进行分析与处理，发现现有疏散过程的瓶颈，可对实际疏散情况进行预警。并针对现有疏散策略进行优化，通过再次模拟，可以发现优化后策略解决了地铁站现有疏散策略不足，降低了疏散人群对商圈的影响。

Abstract: There is a high degree of personnel density in the large commercial district, with the complex pedestrian flow and traffic flow. Consequently, pedestrian evacuation under emergencies has become an important issue to ensure the safety of people’s lives and property. In order to study the advantages and disadvantages of evacuation strategies of existing subway stations near commercial areas, reduce the impact of pedestrians’ choice of evacuation exit on ground-level business during the evacuation, and improve evacuation efficiency. This paper takes a newly completed subway station in Taiyuan as a prototype, obtains pedestrian gender, age, speed, and exit selection through a field survey, then determines train and station related simulation parameters based on existing literature and related documents, simulates different personnel densities using Pathfinder software, analyzes and processes the data obtained from the simulation, finds bottlenecks in the existing evacuation process, and provides early warning of the actual evacuation conditions based on the existence of bottlenecks. The data obtained from the simulation are analyzed and processed to find the bottlenecks in the existing evacuation process, and the actual evacuation conditions are warned based on the existence of bottlenecks. And the existing evacuation strategy is optimized. Through the simulation again, it can be found that the optimized strategy solves the shortage of the existing evacuation strategy of the metro station and reduces the impact of the evacuated crowd on the business area.