教学楼楼梯间小学生群体疏散动力学研究

Group Evacuation Dynamics of Primary School Students in the Staircase of the Teaching Building

摘要: 考虑小学生群体特有的心理行为特征，建立了教学楼楼梯间小学生群体紧急疏散模型，探讨自发下楼、自发上下楼和排队下楼三种情况下小学生群体的疏散动力学特性，并对小学生群体在疏散过程中存在人员意外摔倒特例进行模拟仿真分析。仿真发现：紧急情况下，当学生自发下楼时，如果一名学生在楼梯上摔倒，学生在楼梯缓步台处摔倒相对于在上半段楼梯处摔倒，对整体疏散时间的影响较小，当存在两名学生摔倒时将直接导致疏散完成时间成倍增加；当学生自发上下楼时，如果一人摔倒，下楼的学生在上半段楼梯处摔倒相对于在楼梯缓步台处摔倒，对整体疏散时间的影响更大，两名下楼的学生分别在上半段楼梯处及楼梯缓步台处摔倒对整体疏散时间的影响与一人在上半段楼梯处摔倒的情况相近。

Abstract: Considering the unique psychological and behavioral characteristics of the primary school student group, an emergency evacuation model for primary school students in the staircase of the teaching building is established. The evacuation dynamic characteristics of primary school students in three situations of spontaneous downstairs, spontaneous upstairs and downstairs and queuing down-stairs are discussed. The special case of accidental fall in the evacuation process of primary school students is simulated and analyzed. The simulations find that in an emergency, when students go downstairs spontaneously, if a student falls down at the slow step of the stair, which will have less impact on the overall evacuation time than that at the upper half of the stairs. When two students fall, the evacuation completion time will be doubled. When students go upstairs and downstairs spontaneously, if one student falls down at the upper half of the stairs, which will have a greater impact on the overall evacuation time than that at the slow step of the stairs. The impact of two students falling down at the upper half of the stairs and the slow step of the stairs on the overall evacuation time is similar to that of one student falling down at the upper half of the stairs.