基于生态服务概念的城市绿地系统评价
Assessment of Urban Green Land System Incorporating Ecosystem Service Concept
DOI: 10.12677/AEP.2022.123054, PDF,   
作者: 乔晓雪：北京市通州区运河文化广场管理处，北京
关键词: 城市绿地；生态服务；生态服务流；评价方法；Urban Green Land； Ecosystem Services； Ecosystem Service Flow； Green Land Assessment
摘要: 城市绿地包括城市建设用地范围内用于绿化的土地和城市建设用地之外对城市生态、景观和居民休闲生活具有积极作用、绿化环境较好的特定区域。它是由各类绿地形成的斑块–廊道系统，具有调节气候、净化环境、维持生物多样性、改善公众健康、提供休闲娱乐场所等多重功能。城市绿地空间的设计、评价常常从规划、建筑学、经济学等角度出发，对生态服务功能的考虑不足。本文基于生态服务概念，在阐释城市绿地系统生态服务供给和城市居民生态服务需求的基础上，提出基于生态服务服务流的城市绿地评价，以促进城市绿地空间格局优化和城市环境承载力提升。
Abstract: Urban green land system includes the vegetated land within the urban boundary, and other well vegetated areas that play the role of supporting urban development by providing ecological environment, resorts for recreation and view. It is a patch-corridor system formed by various green land elements connected through corridors. The green land system delivers a sort ecosystem services, such as climate regulation, pollutant absorption, maintaining biodiversity, guarding public health and providing recreation space etc. Presently, the design and assessment of the urban green land usually follow the principles in City Planning, Architecture and Economics and ignore the ecosystem service concept. This study addressed the ecosystem services concept in assessing the green land system in urban. The ecosystem service supply and demands were elucidated. Then the green land assessment incorporating the ecosystem services delivery was highlighted. The approach outlined in this study may contribute to the promotion of the environmental carrying capacity of urban system by optimizing the green land system.
文章引用：乔晓雪. 基于生态服务概念的城市绿地系统评价[J]. 环境保护前沿, 2022, 12(3): 406-411. https://doi.org/10.12677/AEP.2022.123054

参考文献

[1] 包志毅, 陈波. 城市绿地系统建设与城市减灾防灾[J]. 自然灾害学报, 2004, 13(2): 155-160.
[2] 张浩, 王祥荣. 城市绿地的三维生态特征及其生态功能[J]. 中国环境科学, 2001, 21(2): 101-104.
[3] Wolch, J.R., Byrne, J. and Newell, J.P. (2014) Urban Green Space, Public Health, and Environmental Justice: The Challenge Of Making Cities “Just Green Enough”. Landscape and Urban Planning, 125, 234-244. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[4] Helliwell, D.R. (1969) Valuation of wildlife resources. Regional Studies, 3, 41-47. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[5] Study of Critical Environmental Problems (SCEP) (1970) Man’s Impact on the Global Environment: Assessment and Recommendations for Action. Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press, Cambridge.
[6] Ehrlich, P. and Ehrlich, A. (1981) Extinction: The Causes and Consequences of the Disappearance of Species. Random House, New York, 305.
[7] Costanza, R., D’arge, R., Groot, R.D., Farberk, S., Grasso, M., Hannon, B., Limburg, K., Naeem, S., O’Neill, R.V., Paruelo, J., Raskin, R.G., Suttonkk, P. and Belt, M.V.D. (1997) The Value of the World’s Ecosystem Services and Natural Capital. Nature, 387, 253-260. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[8] Daily, G.C. and Matson, P.A. (2008) Ecosystem Services: From Theory to Implementation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 105, 9455-9456. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[9] 李文华. 生态系统服务研究是生态系统评估的核心[J]. 资源科学, 2006, 28(4): 4.
[10] 欧阳志云, 王桥, 郑华, 张峰, 侯鹏. 全国生态环境十年变化(2000-2010年)遥感调查评估[J]. 中国科学院院刊, 2014, 29(4): 462-466.
[11] 傅伯杰, 周国逸, 白永飞, 宋长春, 刘纪远, 张惠远, 吕一河, 华郑, 谢高地. 中国主要陆地生态系统服务功能与生态安全[J]. 地球科学进展, 2009, 24(6): 571-576.
[12] Hansen, R. and Pauleit, S. (2014) From Multifunctionality to Multiple Ecosystem Services? A Conceptual Framework for Multifunctionality in Green Infrastructure Planning for Urban Areas. AMBIO, 43, 516-529. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[13] Villamagna, A.M., Angermeier, P.L. and Bennett, E.M. (2013) Capacity, Pressure, Demand, and Flow: A Conceptual Framework for Analyzing Ecosystem Service Provision and De-livery. Ecological Complexity, 15, 114-121. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[14] Portman, M.E. (2013) Ecosystem Services in Practice: Chal-lenges to Real World Implementation of Ecosystem Services across Multiple Landscapes: A Critical Review. Applied Geography, 45, 185-192. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[15] Niemelä, J., Saarela, S.-R., Söderman, T., Kopperoinen, L., Yli-Pelkonen, V., Väre, S. and Kotze, D.J. (2010) Using the Ecosystem Services Approach for Better Planning and Conservation of Urban Green Spaces: A Finland Case Study. Biodiversity and Conservation, 19, 3225-3243. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[16] 金佳莉. 泛太平洋地区典型城市绿色空间格局的时空演变规律研究[D]: [博士学位论文]. 北京: 中国林业科学研究院, 2018.
[17] Kopperoinen, L., Itkonen, P. and Niemel, J. (2014) Using Expert Knowledge in Combining Green Infrastructure and Ecosystem Services in Land Use Planning: An Insight into a New Place-Based Methodology. Landscape Ecology, 29, 1361-1375. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[18] 张云路, 吴海莉, 李雄. “生态园林城市”发展视角下的城市绿地评价指标优化探讨[J]. 中国城市林业, 2018, 16(2): 38-42.
[19] 刘晓阳, 曾坚, 曾鹏. 厦门市绿地生态网络构建及优化策略[J]. 中国园林, 2020, 36(7): 76-81.
[20] 郭玲子, 徐恩凯, 汤瑶, 田国行. 郑州市中原区结构性绿地功能性连接分析与优化研究[J]. 环境科学与管理, 2021, 46(2): 28-33.
[21] 伍海兵, 张青青, 梁晶. 城市绿地土壤肥力质量综合评价方法初探[J]. 土壤通报, 2020, 51(4): 795-800.
[22] 毛军, 田赟, 查天山. 北京市4种城市功能区森林植被涵养水源功能评价及价值估算[J]. 生态学报, 2021, 41(22): 9020-9028. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[23] 李锋, 王如松. 城市绿地系统的生态服务功能评价、规划与预测研究——以扬州市为例[J]. 生态学报, 2003, 23(9): 1929-1936.
[24] 肖华斌, 何心雨, 王玥, 王洁宁, 姜芊孜. 城市绿地与居民健康福祉相关性研究进展——基于生态系统服务供需匹配视角[J]. 生态学报, 2021, 41(12): 5045-5053. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[25] Wurster, D. and Artmann, M. (2014) Development of a Concept for Non-monetary Assessment of Urban Ecosystem Services at the Site Level. AMBIO, 43, 454-465. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[26] Elmqvist, T., Redman, C.L., Barthel, S., Costanza, R. (2013) History of Urbanization and the Missing Ecology. In: Elmqvist, T., Fragkias, M., Goodness, J., Güneralp, B., Marcotullio, P.J., Mcdonald, R.I., Parnell, S., Schewenius, M., Sendstad, M., Seto, K.C., Wilkinson, C., Eds., Urbani-zation, Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services: Challenges and Opportunities: A Global Assessment, Springer, Dordrecht, 13-30. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[27] 路立, 藏留洋, 于顺东, 刘健. 以实践为特色的生态服务功能与评估指标体系的研究——以天津市城乡绿地系统为例[J]. 城市, 2010(7): 58-63.
[28] 张明珠, 王敏, 张晓祥, 杨妍菲. 基于InVEST模型的杭州市生态系统服务评估[J]. 地理信息世界, 2021, 28(2): 57-64.
[29] 许晶, 陈宏伟, 刘娜, 齐淑艳, 洪娇娇, 袁昊. 沈阳市2004-2014年城市绿地生态系统变化及生态服务价值差异[J]. 沈阳大学学报(自然科学版), 2018, 30(6): 458-464.
[30] 杨园园, 戴尔阜, 付华. 基于InVEST模型的生态系统服务功能价值评估研究框架[J]. 首都师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2012, 33(3): 41-47.
[31] Johnson, G.W., Bagstad, K.J., Snapp, R.R. and Villa, F. (2012) Service Path Attribution Networks (SPANs): A Network Flow Approach to Ecosystem Service Assessment. International Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Information Systems, 3, 54-71. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[32] 彭保发, 郑俞, 刘宇. 耦合生态服务的区域生态安全格局研究框架[J]. 地理科学, 2018, 38(3): 361-367.