浙江省适龄女性三胎生育意愿探索性调查——以宁波市、绍兴市、湖州市为例

An Exploratory Survey on the Fertility Intention of Third-Child Birth of Childbearing Age Women in Zhejiang Province—A Case Study of Ningbo, Shaoxing and Huzhou

摘要: 在我国人口结构性问题中，年龄结构问题最为突出。基于我国人口老龄化问题不断加剧的背景，我国于2016年开始实行二胎政策，在2021年，我国又开放了三胎政策，旨在提升我国的人口出生率与生育率，但是我国的生育率和以前相比并没有显著提升。想要提高我国的人口生育率，首先要做的就是调查人们对于三胎的生育意愿以及影响人们生育的因素。本调研以浙江省绍兴市、宁波市以及湖州市20~49周岁的育龄女性为调研对象，采用问卷调查法、文献资料法等调研方法，对三个代表地区的育龄女性三胎生育意愿调查数据进行ACSI满意度分析，最终得到经济压力、身体状况、工作压力对适龄女性三胎生育意愿起着较为关键的影响，国家需要出台实施三胎生育、教育补贴，降低家庭教育开支，提高优生优育服务质量水平，完善生育休假及保险制度以保障女性的合法权益等一系列相关配套支持奖励政策，优化教育资源的公平分配，明确工作时间以及加班制度，以减轻家长负担；加强对适龄青年正确婚姻观的引导，改变错误观念，细化政策明确妇女应当享受的合法权益。

Abstract: Among the problems of China’s population structure, age structure is the most prominent. Against the background of increasing population aging in China, China began to implement the two-child policy in 2016, and then opened the three-child policy in 2021, aiming to improve the birth rate and fertility rate in China, but the fertility rate in China has not significantly increased compared with the past. In order to improve China’s fertility rate, the first thing to do is to survey people’s willingness to have three children and the factors that affect people’s fertility. This research takes 20~49 years old women of childbearing age in Shaoxing, Ningbo and Huzhou of Zhejiang province as the research object, adopts questionnaire survey method, literature research method and other research methods to analyze ACSI satisfaction of the survey data of the third child bearing intention of women of childbearing age in the three representative regions. The resulting economic pressure, physical condition and work pressure on fertility intention of childbearing age female will play a more crucial influence, countries needed to implement three child birth, education subsidies, reduce the family education expenditure, improve the service quality level of eugenic and superior nurture, perfect family vacation and insurance system to protect the legitimate rights and interests of women, and a series of related support incentives. Optimize the equitable distribution of educational resources, clarify working hours and overtime system to reduce the burden of parents; To strengthen the guidance of the right view of marriage for young people of the right age, change the wrong idea, detail policies to clarify the legitimate rights and interests that women should enjoy.