马克思主义自由观与萨特自由观之比较

A Comparison of Marxist Views on Freedom and Sartre’s Views on Freedom

摘要: “自由”的意义是哲学家们穷尽毕生精力探索的基本问题之一，马克思在其著作中对自由进行了细致、清晰的论述，即自由是历史产物，披着随心所欲外衣的自由并不是真正的自由，自由根植于每一个个体社会生活中，在那个联合体里，个体间高度自律。让·保罗·萨特是法国二十世纪最重要的哲学家之一，他在其哲学思想中始终将以人为中心的“人本主义思想”作为主线，特别强调人的存在和人的自由，是人类探寻自由历程中的一座里程碑。本文通过分析马克思自由观的发展过程和科学内涵，萨特自由观的形成与核心内容，对比了马克思主义自由观，探寻萨特与马克思的自由观不同之处，对于青年正确地认识自由，把握自由与选择之间的关系具有一定的参考价值。

Abstract: The meaning of “freedom” is one of the basic questions that philosophers have spent their whole lives exploring. Marx made a detailed and clear discussion of freedom in his writings, that is, freedom is a historical product, and freedom in the guise of doing whatever you want is not true freedom, freedom is rooted in the social life of each individual, in that union, there is a high degree of self-discipline among individuals. Jean-Paul Sartre was one of the most important French philosophers in the 20th century. In his philosophical thought, he always took the human-centered “humanist thought” as the main line, with special emphasis on human existence and human freedom. A milestone in mankind’s search for freedom. By analyzing the development process and scientific connotation of Marx’s concept of freedom, the formation and core content of Sartre’s concept of freedom, this paper compares the Marxist concept of freedom, explores the difference between Sartre’s and Marx’s concept of freedom, and correctly understands freedom for young people. Grasping the relationship between freedom and choice has certain reference value.