基于NbS提升陆地生态系统固碳能力的实践探索

Practical Exploration of Improving Carbon Sequestration Capacity of Terrestrial Ecosystems Based on NbS

摘要: 陆地生态系统是全球碳循环中最复杂、受人类影响最大的部分，也是大气中CO₂重要的源和汇，通过探究陆地生态系统的固碳机制，增强其碳储存能力，有助于碳中和目标的实现。而基于自然的解决方案(Nature-based Solutions, NbS)通过运用自然系统规律，能够从全面可持续的角度对陆地生态系统进行固碳分析，通过对十个NbS中国实践典型案例的分析，基于NbS的八大准则对陆地生态系统进行了固碳分析。最后提出，要完善法律法规，深化集体林权制度改革，完善草原承包经营制度，建立健全最严格的自然资源保护制度，完善生态补偿机制；要坚持系统观念，探索开展全域土地综合整治、山水林田湖草生态保护修复、国土综合整治、国土绿化，构建以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系，编制生态系统治理规划，制定不同时段工作方案；要提升科技支撑和注重人才培养，完善自然资源动态监测体系，建立健全生态系统碳通量监测，来提升陆地生态系统的固碳能力。

Abstract: Terrestrial ecosystems are the most complex and human-affected part of the global carbon cycle, and are also an important source and convergence of CO₂ in the atmosphere. Explore the carbon sequestration mechanism of terrestrial ecosystems and enhance their carbon storage capacity, which will help to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality. Nature-based solutions enable carbon sequestration analysis of terrestrial ecosystems from a holistic and sustainable perspective by applying the laws of natural systems. Through the analysis of ten typical cases of NbS practice in China, this paper analyzes the carbon sequestration of terrestrial ecosystems based on the eight principles of NbS. This paper put forwards that, it ought to improve laws and regulations, deepen the reform of the collective forest tenure system, improve the grassland contract management system, establish and improve the strictest natural resource protection system, and improve the ecological compensation mechanism; it ought to adhere to system concept, explore ways to comprehensive improvement of land across the region, ecological protection and restoration of mountains, rivers, forests, farmland, lakes and grass, comprehensively improvement of land, and land greening, establish a system of nature reserves with national parks as the main body, draw up plans for ecosystem governance, and formulate work plans for different periods of time; it ought to enhance technological support, focus on talent training, improve the dynamic monitoring system for natural resources, establish and improve monitoring of ecosystem carbon flux, so as to enhance the carbon sequestration capacity of terrestrial ecosystems.