我国废家电制冷剂回收现状及对策建议

Current Situation and Countermeasures of Refrigerant Recovery and Utilization of Waste Home Appliances in China

摘要: 减少具有温室气体效应的消耗臭氧层物质的排放是协同“修复”臭氧层空洞和减缓温室效应的重要途径，因而废家电制冷剂的淘汰、替代、回收、再用处理已成为全球关注的焦点。本研究系统梳理了目前国内制冷剂回收利用体系存在的问题，统计分析了2018~2020年国内超过800万台废空调和冰箱的制冷剂回收水平，对制冷剂回收领域温室气体减排效应进行了测算，并针对如何提高制冷剂回收利用提出了相关对策建议。研究结果表明：目前国内废家电回收体系存在回收渠道不完善、拆解企业盈利不足等一系列问题，2018~2020年间国内报废空调和冰箱制冷剂平均回收量分别为165.1克/台和2.3克/台。2019年全国制冷剂理论回收量5612.2吨，温室气体减排量1015.8万吨，是美国、日本、欧盟同期水平的4.4倍、3.4倍和2.0倍。因此，未来应进一步建立健全废家电规范回收与处理处置体系，规范回收渠道、提高制冷剂回收及再利用，进而实现产业的温室气体减排效益和健康可持续发展。

Abstract: Reducing the emission of ozone-depleting substances with the GHG effect is an important approach for synergistically repairing the ozone layer hole and reducing GHG emissions. The elimination, substitution, recovery and re-utilization of waste home appliances refrigerants have attracted considerable attention from the world. This study systematically sorted out existing problems in the present situation of the refrigerant recycling system in China. The refrigerant recycling levels of over 8 million waste air conditioners and refrigerators in China from 2018 to 2020 were analyzed statistically to calculate the GHG emission reduction effect on refrigerant recovery. Relevant counter-measures and suggestions were also proposed against the ways of improving the recovery and utilization of refrigerants. Results revealed a wide range of problems, such as ill-defined recovery channels and inadequate profitability, in the recovery system of waste home appliances in China. In specific, the average recovered amounts of scrap air conditioners and refrigerator refrigerants in China from 2018 to 2020 were 165.1 and 2.3 g/unit, respectively. In addition, the total theoretical recovered amount of refrigerants in 2019 was 5612.2 tonnes, and the GHG emission reached 10.158 million tonnes, which were 4.4, 3.4 and 2.0 times the levels of the United States, Japan and European Union, respectively, at the same period. Therefore, a sound recovery and treatment system should be established for waste home appliances to standardize recovery channels and elevate the recovery and re-utilization of refrigerants, thereby achieving GHG reduction as well as healthy and sustainable development in the industry.