全球视角下海洋类世界遗产的分布特征、保护和可持续发展

Distribution Characteristics, Protection and Sustainable Development of Marine World Heritage from a Global Perspective

摘要: 目前全球共有50项海洋世界遗产，大部分分布在墨西哥，澳大利亚等国家，其中澳大利亚占6项，墨西哥次之，占4项。我们国家是遗产大国，有世界遗产56项，其中包括38项世界文化遗产，14项世界自然遗产，4项文化与自然混合遗产。但迄今为止，我们国家还没有一项海洋世界遗产，我们国家对海洋世界遗产的重视还不够。本文研究全球海洋世界遗产的分布特征，我国海洋世界遗产及海洋污染现状，以福建海坛岛为例给出申报海洋世界遗产相关申遗策略，同时我国目前保护海洋法律与全球海洋世界遗产保护相关法律和法规对比，根据现有海洋保护措施存在的不足给出几点建议，通过完善法律法规、提高公民意识等保护海洋环境和海洋自然资源，实现海洋环境可持续发展。

Abstract: At present, there are 50 marine world heritages in the world, most of which are distributed in Mexico, Australia and other countries, of which Australia accounts for 6, followed by Mexico, accounting for 4. China is a big country with 56 world heritage sites, including 38 world cultural heritage sites, 14 world natural heritage sites and 4 mixed heritage sites. But up to now, there is no marine world heritage in our country, and our country has not paid enough attention to it. This paper studies the distribution characteristics of global marine world heritage, the present situation of marine world heritage and marine pollution in China, and gives the relevant application strategies for marine world heritage by taking Fujian Haitan Island as an example. At the same time, China’s current marine protection laws are compared with those related to global marine world heritage protection laws and regulations, and according to the shortcomings of existing marine protection measures, some suggestions are given to protect the marine environment and marine natural resources by improving laws and regulations and raising citizens’ awareness, so as to realize the sustainable development of marine environment.