生态力学的创建经验对现代科学创新方法的启示——生态力学及创建经验简介

Enlightenment of the Creation Experience of Ecological Mechanics to Modern Scientific Innovation Method—Introduction to Ecological Mechanics and Its Founding Experience

摘要: 生态力学在原理层次上是生物学与物理学的交叉，在具体内容及方法上是生态学与力学的交叉。根据生态力学的创建经验，创造一门新科学是从实践活动中发现问题并寻求解释开始，从发现的问题中整理出相关的主题，筛选出具有科学价值的问题并转化为科学问题。根据科学问题创立基本概念，通过分析基本概念选择基本原理和操作方法，围绕基本概念和根据基本原理，用演绎推理和数学推导建立基本框架，用归纳推理收集数据和生成辅助模型，推导出命题系统；论证命题系统时，在缺乏实证论证的情况下，运用逻辑论证、寻求理论支持和应用支持。为了导出一个没有充分依据的命题体系，科学哲学可以成为一个选择基本原则、提出假设和处理假设问题、建立理想模型和进行理论论证的重要工具；提高研究者的科学哲学素养，将科学思想和哲学思想整合到研究者个人头脑中，对于促进现代科学创新，特别是基础理论的创新，具有重要的认识论和方法论意义。

Abstract: At the principle level, ecological mechanics is the intersection of biology and physics. It is the inter-section of ecology and mechanics in concrete content and method. According to the experience of the creation of ecological mechanics, the activity of the creation of a new science begins with discov-ering problems in practice and seeking explanations, to find the gaps in the coverage of these disci-plines and between them, to screen out the problems of scientific value and transform them into scientific problems, to create basic concepts according to scientific problems, and to select basic principles and operational methods by analyzing basic concepts; logical reasoning around basic concepts, construction of basic framework with deductive reasoning and mathematical reasoning, collection of data and auxiliary models with inductive reasoning, derivation of a propositional sys-tem, establishment and demonstration of the propositional system; in the absence of empirical ar-gument, play logical argument and seek theoretical and application support. To derive a proposi-tional system without sufficient foundations, the philosophy of science becomes an important tool for selecting fundamental principles, making assumptions and dealing with hypothetical problems, setting up ideal models, and conducting theoretical demonstrations, It is of great epistemological and methodological significance to improve the philosophy of science of researchers and to inte-grate the scientific and philosophical thoughts in their individual minds, so as to promote the inno-vation of modern science, especially the innovation of basic theories. It has important epistemolog-ical and methodological significance.