语料库语言学视角下的《蜀道难》英译研究

A C-E Translation Study of The Shu Way Is Hard from the Perspective of Corpus Linguistics

摘要: 李白是中国知名度最高、地位最高的诗人之一，其诗歌是唐诗艺术高峰的代表，也是中国文化在海外被接受的典范。因此，本研究选取孙大雨和许渊冲《蜀道难》英译自建研究语料库，借助Stanford Parser分词软件、Wordless和UAM Corpus Tool这两个语料库分析软件，从词汇、句法和语篇这三个层面对《蜀道难》两种英译进行分析。研究发现：在词汇层面，许译的类符形符比、词汇密度大于孙译，许译的词汇丰富程度更高，承载的信息更加丰富，两译本中虚词的数量均大于实词。在句子层面，平均句长、标准差、方差这三个维度均表明许译句长更平稳；两译本中并列结构均使用较多，均使用了指称衔接的手段。在语篇层面，孙译的阅读难度大于许译。基于上述研究，作者给出三点建议：重视诗歌翻译、研究目标受众特点、拓展传播渠道。因此，本研究通过梳理《蜀道难》英译的词汇、句法和语篇三个方面的特征，以期让海外读者更好地感受中国文学的魅力，增进对中华文化的了解，也为研究其他诗歌提供范式，有利于推动中国古典诗歌进入另一个巅峰。

Abstract: Li Bai is one of the most well-known and highest-ranking Chinese poets, and his poetry is a representative of the artistic peak of Tang poetry, as well as a model of Chinese culture being accepted overseas. Therefore, this study selects a self-built research corpus of English translations of The Shu Way Is Hard which is translated by Sun Dayu and Xu Yuanchong, and analyzes the two English translations of the poem at three levels: lexical, syntactic, and discourse. With the help of three softwares, Stanford Parser and Wordless and UAM Corpus Tool, the study found that the type/token ratio and the lexical density of Xu’s translation were greater than those of Sun’s translation at the lexical level; the lexical richness was higher in Xu’s translation, and the number of function words in both translations was larger than that of content words. At the sentence level, the three dimensions of average sentence length, standard deviation and variance show that the sentence length of Xu’ translation is more balanced; parallel structures and the referential cohesion are used in both translations. At the level of discourse, Sun’s translation is more difficult to understand than Xu’s. Based on the above analysis, three suggestions are given: placing emphasis on poetry translation, studying the characteristics of the target audience, and expanding dissemination channels. Therefore, this study aims to provide foreign readers with a better understanding of the charm of Chinese literature and Chinese culture, as well as to provide a model for the study of other poems, thus promoting Chinese classical poetry to the world.