自然与现代威胁性刺激在空间和时间维度上的注意偏向

The Attentional Bias between Modern and Natural Threatening Stimuli in Time and Spatial Dimensions

摘要: 对威胁性刺激的快速识别和自动化的注意加工具有重要的进化意义。本研究分别从空间和时间维度上，采用威胁线索空间注意范式和快速序列视觉呈现范式，对自然和现代威胁性刺激的注意偏向和注意瞬脱的影响进行考察。结果发现，个体对现代威胁性刺激在空间上体现为注意解除困难，在时间上体现为注意瞬脱的降低，而自然威胁性刺激则主要体现在空间维度上的注意回避趋势。结果说明，相较于自然威胁性刺激，现代威胁性刺激具有更明显的加工优势和显著的注意捕获，更不易受到加工时间的限制；而对自然威胁性刺激则会主动将注意转移至刺激以外的位置，并根据任务需求进行注意抑制。本研究支持了基于相关性的模型，认为个体的注意分配偏向于对其有意义的关键刺激，灵活且依赖于情境。

Abstract: The rapid detection and automatic attentional processing for threatening stimuli has great signi-ficance to the biological evolution. In order to explore the difference of attentional bias between natural and modern threatening stimuli from the dimensions of space and time, we conducted two experiments by using threatening cue spatial attentional paradigm and rapid sequence visual presentation (RSVP) paradigm, respectively. The results showed that the modern threatening stimuli had a significant processing superiority, which was reflected by the impaired attentional disengagement on the spatial dimension and the reduction of attentional blink effect on the time dimension, whereas the effect of natural threatening stimuli was mainly manifested as the tendency of attentional avoidance on the spatial dimension. The results demonstrated that threatening stimuli could capture attention of individuals and maintain it for a while, moreover, this process is less likely to be restricted by attentional time processing. For natural threatening stimuli, individuals tended to pay attention to the location outside of them. In conclusion, the present study supports the correlation-based model, which indicates the allocation of attention is biased toward key stimuli that are meaningful to them, and is more flexible and context-dependent.