世界遗产视角下济南泉·城文化景观比较分析与可持续发展

Comparative Analysis and Sustainable Development of Spring-City Cultural Landscape of Jinan from the Perspective of World Heritage

摘要: 文化景观遗产是世界遗产的重要类型，表现出人类与自然环境之间悠久而密切的关系。济南泉•城文化景观代表了中国乃至世界范围内聚落泉水资源利用体系的独一类型，体现了水环境治理与利用的智慧，并于2019年入选《中国世界文化遗产预备名单》。申遗过程也是对遗产的保护过程，本文选取了杭州西湖文化景观、威尼斯及其潟湖、布鲁日历史中心、巴斯城和欧洲温泉疗养小镇等5处与泉•城文化景观类型相似的世界遗产，比较研究其保护与管理机制，以国际先进经验促进遗产的可持续发展。在比较分析的基础上，对济南泉•城文化景观提出了以下三点建议：1) 加快遗产保护专项立法，建立职能统一的管理机构；2) 科学合理划定核心区与缓冲区边界，做好城市建设规划控制；3) 加强国际交流与合作，提升遗产知名度和旅游产品多元性。

Abstract: Occupying an important position in World Heritage, cultural landscapes express a long and intimate relationship between peoples and their natural environment. As a unique type of settlement spring water utilization system in China and even the world, Spring-City Cultural Landscape of Jinan reflects the wisdom of water environment governance and utilization, and was selected into the Tentative List of China’s World Cultural Heritage in 2019. The process of applying for World Heritage is also a process of protection. The author selected five properties similar to Spring-City Cultural Landscape of Jinan in the World Heritage List, such as West Lake Cultural Landscape of Hangzhou, Venice and its Lagoon, Historic Centre of Brugge, City of Bath, and the Great Spa Towns of Europe; through studying their protection and management mechanism, we can promote sus-tainable development of the heritage with international advanced experience. On the basis of comparative analysis, the author put forward the following three suggestions for Spring-City Cultural Landscape of Jinan: 1) Speed up the special legislation of heritage protection, and establish a management organization with unified functions; 2) Scientifically and reasonably delineate the boundaries of property and buffer zone, and effectively implement the planning control of urban construction; 3) Strengthen international exchanges and cooperation, and enhance the popularity of heritage and diversity of tourism products.