基于自然资源属性的新能源评价

New Energy Evaluation Based on Natural Resource Attributes

摘要: 2020年湖南省能源消费总量为4.69 × 10¹⁸ J，约占全国的3.2%，化石能源占一次能源比重达85%，煤炭占比为58%；新能源消费量0.06048 × 10¹⁸ J，约占全国0.8%；能源活动CO₂排放量约为298 × 10⁶ t。湖南省能源对外依存度高，高碳化严重，结构存在缺陷。能源体系脱碳是“双碳目标”必经之路，绿氢是能源转型的最有前途的革命性的新能源。可再生能源转化为氢能，形同氢矿开采，绿氢是氢矿的根本。氢矿作为自然资源，有限性特点显著。经过评价，2020年湖南省氢矿资源量为42.3 × 10⁴ t∙a⁻¹，氢矿探明地质储量为36.8 × 10⁴ t∙a⁻¹，至2025年氢矿资源量为89.2 × 10⁴ t∙a⁻¹，氢矿探明地质储量为77.7 × 10⁴ t∙a⁻¹，氢矿资源储量约占全国的0.8%。湖南省新能源和氢能产业格局存在短板，但发展空间巨大，未来可期。把可再生的新能源视为氢矿来进行管理，可更好地促进能源变革的顶层设计以及资源、能源的最优配置，为能源、资源的可持续利用和有效保护提供依据，现实意义重大。

Abstract: In 2020, the total energy consumption in Hunan Province was 4.69 × 10¹⁸ J, accounting for about 3.2% of the national total energy consumption. Fossil energy accounted for up to 85% of primary energy; and coal accounted for 58%. The new energy consumption was 0.06048 × 10¹⁸ J, accounting for about 0.8% of the national new energy consumption. The CO₂ emissions from energy activities were approximately 298 × 10⁶ t. Hunan Province is highly dependent on external energy. The high carbonization of energy is serious; and the energy structure is defective. Decarbonization of the energy system is the only way which must be passed for achieving “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality”, while green hydrogen is the most promising revolutionary new energy in energy transformation. Converting renewable energy into hydrogen energy likes hydrogen mining; green hydrogen is the root of hydrogen ore. Hydrogen ore, as a natural resource, is significantly limited. As evaluated, in 2020, the hydrogen ore resources in Hunan Province was 42.3 × 10⁴ t∙a⁻¹; the proved geological reserves of hydrogen ore was 36.8 × 10⁴ t∙a⁻¹. To 2025, the hydrogen ore resources will reach 89.2 × 10⁴ t∙a⁻¹; and the proved geological reserves of hydrogen ore will be 77.7 × 10⁴ t∙a⁻¹. The hydrogen ore reserves accounts for about 0.8% of the national hydrogen ore reserves. The new energy and hydrogen energy industry pattern in Hunan Province has shortcomings. However, it has a huge space for development and is promising. Managing renewable new energy as a hydrogen mine can better promote the top-level design of energy reform and the optimal allocation of resources and energy and provide a basis for sustainable utilization and effective protection of energy and resources, and is of great practical significance.