SiCp/w增强铝基复合材料研究进展

Research Progress of SiCp/w Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composites

摘要: 在金属基复合材料中，铝基复合材料因具有高强度、密度低、耐蚀性强和可塑性高、易加工成型等优异物理性能，在汽车、航空航天、铁路、石化、医疗、船舶以及国防等领域有着广泛应用，其展现出的巨大研究空间和行业价值具有广阔的前景。在纤维增强、晶须增强和颗粒增强等增强体种类中，颗粒增强体与晶须增强体的研究最为深入。碳化硅(SiC)材料有着高的强度、高导电导热性能等使其在各个科学领域当中均出现了它的身影，SiC/Al复合材料综合了二者的优异性能。本文从碳化硅颗粒(SiCp)与碳化硅晶须(SiCw)增强铝合金的研究出发，讨论了SiC增强铝合金的制备工艺、SiC与铝粉的混合工艺以及增强机制问题，集中探究了SiC在铝合金中的应用与挑战，以相对长远的视角讨论了铝基复合材料所带来的机遇和挑战。

Abstract: Among metal matrix composites, aluminum matrix composites have excellent physical properties such as high strength, low density, high corrosion resistance and plasticity, easy processing and molding, etc. They are widely used in the fields of automotive, aerospace, railroad, petrochemical, medical, marine and national defense, etc. They show great research space and industry value with broad prospects. The choice of reinforcement generally requires excellent physical properties: 1) ultra-high strength; 2) excellent toughness; 3) high stability, while also taking into account the impact of the material itself on the environment, choose the preferred material that meets the requirements of environmental protection. In addition to the constraints on the development of the material, the material itself has the constraints of production costs, reducing production costs to achieve mass production. Among the types of reinforcement such as fiber reinforced, whisker reinforced and particle reinforced, the particle reinforced and whisker reinforced are the most intensively studied. Silicon carbide (SiC) materials have high strength, high electrical and thermal conductivity, etc., which make them appear in various scientific fields, and SiC/Al composites combine the excellent properties of both. This paper discusses the preparation process of SiC-reinforced aluminum alloys, the mixing process of SiC and aluminum powder, and the reinforcement mechanism from the study of SiC particles (SiCp) and silicon carbide whiskers (SiCw) reinforced aluminum alloys, focusing on the application and challenges of SiC in aluminum alloys, and discussing the opportunities and challenges of aluminum matrix composites from a relatively long-term perspective.