少数民族语言副词对比研究——以维吾尔语、蒙古语、哈萨克语为例

A Comparative Study of Adverbs in Minority Languages—Taking Uyghur, Mongolian and Kazakh as Examples

摘要: 副词是重要而复杂的词类之一。修饰和限制动词表示动作发生的状态、方式、时间、地点、程度等意义；修饰和限制形容词表示事物性质、程度等等意义；有时还可以出现在句首表示动作发生的时间或表达说话者的个人判断或评价等意义。本文从语言对比的视角出发，分类、结构、句法功能等方面对维吾尔语、蒙古语、哈萨克语副词进行对比分析，揭示其共性和特征。在比较分析的同时，对副词和形容词的界限问题进行了探讨并提出了些新的观点。

Abstract: Adverbs are one of the important and complex word classes. They modify and restrict verbs to indicate the state, manner, time, place, degree and other meanings of the occurrence of action; they modify and restrict adjectives to indicate the nature, degree and other meanings of things; and sometimes they can appear at the beginning of a sentence to indicate the time of occurrence of an action or to express the speaker’s personal judgement or evaluation. This paper presents a comparative analysis of Uyghur, Mongolian and Kazakh adverbs in terms of their classification, structure and syntactic function, revealing their commonalities and features from the perspective of linguistic contrast. In parallel with the comparative analysis, the issue of the boundary between adverbs and adjectives is explored and some new ideas are put forward.