近三十年南洞庭湖湿地面积变化及驱动分析

Analysis on the Area Change and Driving Force of the South Dongting Lake Wetland in the Past 30 Years

摘要: 利用南洞庭湖近三十年的遥感图像数据，在深入分析研究之后，选取三年冬季的遥感影像，利用监督分类中的最大似然法，实现对地物的分类，完成三期南洞庭湖湿地面积变化图。同时，还对三期的地物类型进行面积统计与动态化分析，发现水体和芦苇滩地面积发生较大程度的减小，而泥沙滩地和建筑用地面积发生了较大的变化。南洞庭湖湿地变化的原因一是由于泥沙淤积及芦苇的特性，另一个重要的原因是围湖造田政策的实施。湿地在调节生态环境及水系的防洪调控方面发挥着十分重要的作用，因此，我们必须重视湿地所蕴含的深入的价值，不能因为眼前利益而忽视长远利益。要坚决反对围湖造田工程，合理地保护开发湿地资源。

Abstract: Based on the remote sensing images of South Dongting Lake in recent 30 years, the remote sensing images of three years undefined winter are selected, and the maximum likelihood method of supervised classification is used to realize the classification of features, and the three-phase map of wetland area change in South Dongting Lake is completed. At the same time, it is found that the area of water body and reed beach is reduced to a great extent, while the area of mud beach and building land is changed greatly by means of area statistics and dynamic analysis of the three-stage land types. The change of wetland in South Dongting Lake is due to sediment deposition and reed characteristics, and another important reason is the implementation of reclamation policy. Wetland plays a very important role in regulating ecological environment and flood control of water system. Therefore, we must attach importance to the deep value of wetland and not ignore the long-term benefit because of immediate interests. We should resolutely oppose the reclamation of lakes and fields and make the rational protection and development of wetland resources.