大学新生生命意义感、家庭亲密度和适应性与学校适应的关系

The Relationship among the Meaning of Life, Family Cohesion, Adaptability and School Adaptation in Freshmen

摘要: 目的：探讨大学新生生命意义感、家庭亲密度和适应性与学校适应的关系。方法：采用《生命意义感量表》《家庭亲密度与适应性量表》《大学生适应性量表》对665名大学新生进行问卷调查，并据此分析生命意义感、家庭亲密度和适应性对学校适应的影响。结果：大学新生学校适应得分与常模相比处于中等偏下水平；大学新生的环境总体认同维度得分在性别方面差异有统计学意义，生活自理适应性维度和身心症状表现维度得分在生源地方面差异有统计学意义，学校适应的各维度得分及总分在专业方面差异均有统计学意义；除生活自理适应性维度外，大学新生生命意义感各维度与学校适应各维度及总分均呈显著正相关，家庭亲密度和适应性与学校适应各维度及总分均呈显著正相关；生命意义感中的拥有意义感维度及家庭亲密度对学校适应有一定的预测功能，整体预测力为14.9%，家庭亲密度在拥有意义感对学校适应的预测中具有部分中介效应，中介效果量为0.300。结论：生命意义感、家庭亲密度和适应性与大学新生的学校适应水平密切相关，良好的生命意义感水平和家庭功能有助于大学新生更好地实现学校适应。拥有意义感可以通过家庭亲密度影响学校适应。

Abstract: Objective: In order to investigate the relationship among the meaning of life, family cohesion and adaptability and school adaptation in freshmen. Methods: 665 freshmen were investigated by using the Life Meaning Scale, the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scale and the Adaptability Scale for College Students. This research analyzed the impact of meaning of life, family cohesion and adaptability on school adaptation. Results: 1) Compared with the norm, the school adaptation of freshmen was at the lower middle level; there was a significant difference in the score of overall environmental identity dimension in term of gender. There were significant differences in the self-care adaptability dimension and physical and mental symptom performance dimension in the place of origin. There were significant differences in the scores of each dimension and total score of school adaptation in specialty; correlation analysis showed that except for the self-care adaptability dimension, the dimensions of freshmen’s meaning of life were significantly positively correlated with the dimensions and total score of school adaptation. Family cohesion and adaptability were significantly positively correlated with each dimension and total score of school adaptation; the sense of ownership in the meaning of life and family cohesion have a certain predictive function on school adaptation, and the overall predictive power is 14.9%. Family cohesion has a partial mediating effect in the prediction of meaning of life on school adaptation, and the amount of mediating effect is 0.300. Conclusion: The meaning of life, family cohesion and adaptability are closely related to the school adaptation level of freshmen. Good meaning of life and family function can help freshmen better adapt to school. The sense of ownership in the meaning of life can affect school adaptation through family cohesion.