高原深水湖泊主要污染源研究分析

Research and Analysis of the Main Pollution Sources in the Deep-Water Plateau Lake

摘要: 抚仙湖为深水型淡水湖泊，近十年，随着临湖经济的快速发展，入湖河道污染物氮磷浓度提升显著，富营养化加剧。为了找出抚仙湖的主要污染源，为其保护和治理提供参考方向和理论指导，本文基于多年实地调研和化学需氧量(COD)、总氮、总磷含量等指标检测分析，分别从农村生活污染、农田径流污染、城镇生活污染、废弃磷矿区污染、旅游污染等方面对抚仙湖流域的污染现状进行了初步分析与评价。结果显示，抚仙湖流域污染主要来源于农村面源污染、城镇生活污染、废弃磷矿区污染、旅游污染等方面，其中，最大的污染源是农村面源污染，包括流域村落污染、人畜粪便污染、农村垃圾污染和农田径流污染。农村面源污染的COD、总氮、总磷分别占各自所有入湖污染量的94.81%，94.85%，87.79%。其中，农田径流污染又是农村面源污染中最主要的组成部分。

Abstract: Fuxian Lake is a plateau-based freshwater lake. In recent ten years, with the rapid development of the economy around the lake, the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus in lake channels in-creased significantly. To identify the main sources of pollution in Fuxian lake and provide a refer-ence for the protection and management direction and theoretical guidance, the pollution status of Fuxian Lake basin was analyzed and evaluated from the aspects of rural domestic pollution, farmland runoff pollution, urban domestic pollution, phosphorous chemical pollution and tourism pollution, respectively, based on years of field investigation and the indexes detection and analysis such as chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen, total phosphorus. The results showed that the pollution in Fuxian Lake basin mainly came from the rural non-point source pollution, urban domestic pollution, waste phosphate rock area pollution, tourism pollution and other aspects, among which the most important source of pollution was the rural non-point source pollution, including watershed village pollution, human and animal excrement pollution, rural waste pollution, and farmland runoff pollution in the basin. The COD, total nitrogen and total phosphorus from rural non-point source pollution accounted for 94.81%, 94.85% and 87.79% of the total pollution into the lake, respectively. Among them, the farmland runoff pollution was the most im-portant component of rural non-point source pollution.