一种簇首选举优化与多跳机制结合的路由通信算法

A Routing Communication Algorithm Combining Cluster Head Election Optimization and Multi-Hop Mechanism

摘要: 准确全面地感知灌区水雨情、工情、墒情，以及与农作物生长密切相关的各种环境因子等，是实施和科学管理决策精准灌溉的基础。针对灌区监测范围大，测点布设分散，以及灌渠沿线及周边需水区域呈带状(strip shape)的特征，在分析灌区需水侧无线传感器网络节点使用电池供电条件下，电池能量、传输距离受限等问题基础上，提出一种簇首选举优化与多跳机制结合的路由通信算法，研究了簇的形成、簇首选择、簇间以及与汇聚节点路由过程，并对本文提出的新算法与节能型EE-LEACH算法和改进的多跳MMH-LEACH算法分别进行了仿真对比实验。实验结果表明，在运行1300次周期下，基于新算法的无线传感器网络有效运行时间要比EE-LEACH长约85.7%，比MMH-LEACH长约5.4%，说明了新算法在降低能耗和延长网络生命周期上具有一定的优越性。

Abstract: Accurate and comprehensive sensing of water and rainfall regime, soil moisture content and engineering conditions in irrigation areas and various environmental factors closely related to crop growth is the basis for the implementation and scientific management decision of precision irrigation. In view of the characteristics of large monitoring range and scattered distribution of measuring points in the irrigation area, along the irrigation canal and its surrounding water demand area has the characteristics of strip shape, under the battery power supply condition of wireless sensor network nodes at the water demand side of irrigation area, based on the analysis of battery power and transmission distance limitations, a routing communication algorithm combining cluster heads election optimization and multi-hop mechanism is proposed. The formation of clusters, the selection of cluster heads, the routing process between clusters and the sink nodes are studied, and the new algorithm proposed in this paper, EE-LEACH (energy-efficient LEACH) and MMH-LEACH (modified multi-hop LEACH) algorithm are simulated and compared respectively. Experimental results have shown that, the effective running time of the wireless sensor network based on the new algorithm is about 85.7% longer than that of EE-LEACH algorithm, and 5.4% longer than that of MMH-LEACH algorithm, under the period of 1300 times. It is shown that the new algorithm has certain advantages in reducing energy consumption and prolonging network lifetime.