黄河流域新乡地区气候变化及其对地下水位的影响

Climate Change and Its Impact on Groundwater Level in the Xinxiang Area of the Yellow River Basin

摘要: 本文选取黄河流域新乡地区的原阳县、封丘县和长垣市三个国家气象站1986~2019年的气象资料及地下水位资料，采用线性趋势法、MK检验法和t检验法等分析气温、降水、蒸发等气象要素及地下水位的变化趋势，结果表明：1) 黄河流域新乡地区三县多年来气候变化特征是：年平均气温整体呈上升趋势，年降水量呈下降趋势，年总蒸发量呈下降趋势；2) 气温的变暖对地下水位的变化有一定的影响，温度升高的同时伴随蒸发量的增多和生活用水以及工业用水的增多，从而导致地下水的减少；3) 研究区域地下水主要以日常降水为补给，降水在补给地下水的同时也在补给地表水资源，地表水的多少也间接影响着地下水的存储。

Abstract: The meteorological data and groundwater level data of three national meteorological stations in Yuanyang County, Fengqiu County and Changyuan City in Xinxiang area of the Yellow River Basin from 1986 to 2019 were selected to analyze the variation trend of temperature, precipitation, evaporation and groundwater level using linear trend method, MK test method and T test method. The results show that: 1) The climate change characteristics of the three counties in Xinxiang area of the Yellow River Basin in recent years are as follows: the annual average temperature presents an overall rising trend, the annual precipitation presents a decreasing trend, and the annual total evaporation presents a decreasing trend; 2) The warming of air temperature has a certain influence on the change of groundwater level. With the increase of temperature, the increase of evaporation and the increase of domestic and industrial water use will lead to the decrease of groundwater; 3) The groundwater in the study area is mainly supplied by daily precipitation, which not only replenishes groundwater but also replenishes surface water resources, and the amount of surface water indirectly affects the storage of groundwater.