基于虚拟现实技术的实验教学改革与实践——以土木工程中三轴实验教学为例

Experimental Teaching Reform and Practice Based on Virtual Reality Technology—Taking Triaxial Test Teaching in Civil Engineering as an Example

摘要: 实验教学是创新人才培养的重要途径，然而目前高校实验教学受到实验仪器短缺、实验周期过长、试错机会缺乏等弊端，限制了大学生实验试错的机会和思考问题、解决问题的能力。为解决传统实验教学中存在的问题，将虚拟现实(Virtual Reality, VR)技术与工程实验课程相结合，构建了虚拟实验系统，探索了基于VR技术的实验教学在创新人才培养上的优越性。以土木工程中的三轴实验为例，提出了基于三轴VR实验系统的“以学为本”、“虚实结合”的创新人才培养实验教学模式，革新了实验教学课堂、提升了学生的兴趣，为改善传统实验教学的缺陷提供了新的解决方案。

Abstract: Experimental teaching is an important way to cultivate innovative talents. However, experimental teaching in colleges and universities suffers from shortages of experimental instruments, which limits the ability of innovative talents to think and solve problems. The long experimental cycle and lacking of mistakes opportunities also restrict the innovative ideas. In order to solve problems during traditional experimental teaching course, the virtual reality technology is combined with engineering experimental course and a virtual experiment system is developed. Taking triaxial test in civil engineering as an example, this study puts forward experimental teaching mode of innovative talents cultivation based on triaxial VR experimental system, which is “learning-oriented” and “combination of virtual and real”, and innovates the experimental teaching class and enhances students’ interest. This study provides a new solution to improve traditional experimental teaching course.