浅析马克思对蒲鲁东思想的批判及其意义——基于《哲学的贫困》

On Marx’s Criticism of Proudon’s Thought and Its Significance—Based on “The Poverty of Philosophy”

摘要: 《哲学的贫困》这部著作是马克思主义学说最早发表的文本，虽然文本中政治经济学与哲学还处于初步的理论结合阶段，但是其中既包含了对唯物史观的阐发和应用，也孕育着后期马克思著作的理论萌芽。马克思通过揭示蒲鲁东的“上帝等质”的荒谬立场，蒲鲁东政治经济学脱离实际的历史唯心主义的方法论以及建立在对黑格尔辩证法的机械模仿上诞生的“伪辩证法”，为构建科学的政治经济学方法论提供了准备，并对于后期马克思政治经济学的研究以及历史唯物主义的发展有着重要意义。

Abstract: “The Poverty of Philosophy” is the earliest published text of Marxist theory. Although political economy and philosophy in the text are still in the initial stage of theoretical integration, it contains not only the elucidation and application of historical materialism, but also the theoretical germination of Marx’s later works. By revealing the absurd position of “equal quality of God”, the methodology of historical idealism, which is divorced from reality, and the “pseudo dialectics”, which is based on the mechanical imitation of Hegel’s dialectics, Marx prepared for the construction of scientific methodology of political economy. It is of great significance to the study of Marxist political economy and the development of historical materialism.