1990~2020年间新兵和老兵心理健康状况的变迁

Changes in the Mental Health of Recruits and Veterans during 1990 to 2020

摘要: 目的：探究过去31年间新兵和老兵的心理健康状况如何变化。方法：基于横断历史研究，采用相关和回归分析及效果量指标对89组新兵和134组老兵的症状自评量表(SCL-90)数据进行了分析。结果：1) 新兵组各因子的平均分在过去31年间不存在显著的变化趋势，而老兵组各因子的平均分在过去31年间呈显著下降趋势(P < 0.001)，年代对这一下降趋势的解释率从13%到32%不等。2) 新兵组有三个因子的平均分下降幅度达到小效果量水平，老兵组平均分下降幅度达到大效果量的有七个因子，达到中效果量的有两个因子。3) 老兵组各因子平均分均显著高于新兵组(P < 0.001)。结论：新兵组心理健康状况好于老兵组，在过去31年间比较稳定，老兵组心理健康状况随年代推移显著改善。这表明，部队可以继续从宏观和微观层面加强军人心理健康维护工作，并针对不同人群进行部署。

Abstract: Objective: To explore the characteristics of changes in mental health of recruits and veterans during the past 31 years. Method: According to the method of cross-temporal meta-analysis, the data in SCL-90 of 89 groups’ recruits and 134 groups’ veterans were analyzed by correlation analysis, regression analysis and effect amount. Results: 1) The trend of all the factors in the mean scores of the recruits group with the years was not significant, but the mean scores in the veteran group were significantly negatively correlated with the years (P < 0.001), and the interpretation rate of years ranged from 13% to 32%. 2) Three factors in the mean scores of the recruits group decreased to the level of small effect. Seven factors in the mean scores of the veteran group decreased to a large effect, and two factors decreased to a medium effect. 3) All the factors in the mean scores of the veteran group were significantly higher than that of the recruit group (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The mental health status of the recruits was better than that of the veterans, and it kept relatively stable in the past 31 years. The mental health status of the veterans has been improved significantly over the years. The results showed that the military could continue to strengthen the work of mental health maintenance in soldiers from the macro and micro levels, and deploy it according to different crowds.