马克思科学人本观的文本溯源

The Textual Interpretation of Marxist Scientific View of Humanism

摘要: 马克思对人的本质的正确认识并不是一蹴而就的。从《博士论文》时期的“自我意识”到在《莱茵报》工作期间的“理性自由”；从《黑格尔法哲学批判》时期的“人是人的最高本质”到《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中的“自由自觉的活动”；从《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》中“一切社会关系的总和”到《德意志意识形态》中“人的需要即人的本性”。可以看出，马克思对人的本质的认识经历了一个由不成熟到成熟、由抽象到具体、由量变到质变的循序渐进的、不断扬弃的过程。

Abstract: Marx’s correct understanding of human essence is not achieved overnight. From “self-consciousness” in the period of Doctoral Dissertation to “rational freedom” in the period of working in Rhine; From “man is the highest essence of man” in Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Law to “free and conscious activities” in the Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844; From “the sum of all social relations” in the Theses on Feuerbach to “human needs is human nature” in The German Ideology. It can be seen that Marx’s understanding of human essence has experienced a gradual and continuous process from immature to mature, from abstract to concrete, from quantitative change to qualitative change.