烟嘧磺隆、莠去津残留污染微生物修复研究进展

Research Progress on Microbial Remediation of Nicosulfuron and Atrazine Residues

摘要: 世界人口增长导致粮食需求量提升，为了提高粮食产量，农田开始使用化学农药以解决粮食供求不平衡的问题。农药主要分为除草剂、杀虫剂、杀菌剂和植物生长调节剂等，除草剂的使用量约占农药使用量的三分之一，随着除草剂的大量使用，除草剂残留污染引发的相关问题引起了人们的重视，除草剂污染修复成为研究的热点问题，除草剂的微生物修复由于成本低、效果好、环境扰动小等优点成为近年除草剂污染修复研究的一大趋势。烟嘧磺隆、莠去津是我国北方地区常用玉米田除草剂，可防治多种杂草，但除草剂的使用造成的除草剂残留污染问题也会影响环境，危害人和动物的健康。本文介绍了除草剂残留污染的修复方法，介绍了微生物降解除草剂的方法和影响因素，概述了烟嘧磺隆、莠去津残留的危害及其降解菌株的降解条件和效果，最后指出除草剂残留污染微生物修复存在的问题并对未来的研究提出了展望。

Abstract: In order to increase food production, farmland began to use chemical pesticides to solve the imbalance between food supply and demand. Pesticides are mainly divided into herbicides, insecticides, fungicides and plant growth regulators, etc., the use of herbicides accounts for about one-third of the use of pesticides, with the large number of herbicides used, herbicide residue pollution caused by related problems have attracted people’s attention, herbicide pollution repair has become a hot issue in research, herbicide microbial repair, due to low cost, good effect, small environmental dis-turbance and other advantages has become a major trend in herbicide pollution repair research in recent years. Herbicides commonly used in corn field herbicides in northern China can control a variety of weeds, but the problem of herbicide residue pollution caused by the use of herbicides will also affect the environment and endanger the health of people and animals. This paper introduces the remediation method of herbicide residue pollution, introduces the method and influencing factors of microbial reduction and release of herbicide, summarizes the residual hazards of nicosulfuron and atrazine and the degradation conditions and effects of their degraded strains, and finally points out the problems of microbial remediation of herbicide residue pollution and puts forward prospects for future research.