2022年第一季度泰州市城市空气质量形势及污染成因分析

Analysis of Urban Air Quality Situation and Pollution Causes in Taizhou in the First Quarter of 2022

摘要: 利用污染源在线监测数据和环境空气各站点数据对泰州市今年1~3月和3月以来(截至4月14日)空气质量变化情况，特别是近期臭氧污染特征和污染成因进行了深入剖析。研究表明，泰州市今年1~3月和3月以来空气质量出现滑坡，优良率分别同比下降3.4个百分点和20.0个百分点；1~3月，泰州市臭氧8小时滑动平均浓度为138微克/立方米，同比上升34.0%，为近年来的最高值；3月以来，臭氧浓度上升至175微克/立方米。臭氧污染整体呈现“出现早、污染重、范围广”的特点，臭氧浓度和作为超标首要污染物的占比均出现抬升。污染成因分析结果表明：1) VOCs浓度降低和NO₂浓度升高都有助于臭氧的生成。VOCs高值区域主要位于高港区东南部、海陵区中部、兴化市东南部，污染源涉及工业园区、加油站点和道路交通等；NO₂高值区域主要集中靖江市、泰兴市、高港区附近；2) 从污染排放量来看，今年1-3月和3月以来泰州市氮氧化物排放量出现明显上升，分别以生态保护和环境治理业(危废处置企业)及电力、热力生产和供应业(主要为电厂和垃圾焚烧厂)的排放为主，造成泰州市大气中氮氧化物短期急剧升高，进而导致臭氧浓度居高不下。同时，汽车保有量增加，移动源影响增大；3) VOCs物种潜势和前十物种分析结果表明石油化工、溶剂使用、工业使用及机动车尾气等对泰州市臭氧生成影响显著。针对以上分析结果，建议充分利用在线监测大数据实行线上监管，加大线下执法力度，强化拥堵路段和时段的道路交通疏导工作，有效降低氮氧化物、VOCs内源排放量，达成氮氧化物和VOCs协同控制，切实压降臭氧浓度。

Abstract: Using the online monitoring data of pollution sources and the data of various ambient air stations, The air quality changes in Taizhou City from January to March and since March this year (as of April 14) were analyzed in depth, especially the recent ozone pollution characteristics and pollution causes. Research showed that the air quality in Taizhou City has declined significantly from January to March this year and since March, and the excellent rates have dropped by 3.4 percentage points and 20.0 percentage points year-on-year respectively; from January to March, the 8-hour moving average concentration of ozone in Taizhou was 138 micrograms per cubic meter, a year-on-year increase of 34.0%, the highest value in recent years; since March, the ozone concentration has risen to 175 micrograms per cubic meter. The ozone pollution in Jiangsu Province as a whole shows the characteristics of “early appearance, heavy pollution and wide range”, especially in Taizhou City, where the ozone concentration and the proportion of the primary pollutant exceeding the standard have increased. The results of pollution cause analysis show that: 1) The decrease of VOCs concentration and the increase of NO₂ concentration both contribute to the generation of ozone. The high-value areas of VOCs are mainly located in the southeast of Gaogang District, the middle of Hailing District, and the southeast of Xinghua City. The pollution sources involve industrial parks, gas stations and road traffic; the areas with high NO₂ value are mainly concentrated near Jingjiang City, Taixing City and Gaogang District; 2) From the perspective of pollution emissions, the nitrogen oxide emissions in Taizhou have increased significantly from January to March this year and since March, respectively. The emission of ecological protection and environmental management (hazardous waste disposal enterprises) and electricity and heat production and supply industries (mainly power plants and waste incineration plants) are the main emissions, resulting in a short-term sharp increase in nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere of Taizhou City, and then cause the ozone concentration to remain high. At the same time, the number of car ownership increases, and the influence of mobile sources increases; 3) The potential of VOCs species and the analysis results of the top ten species show that petrochemicals, solvent use, industrial use and motor vehicle exhaust have a significant impact on ozone generation in Taizhou. In view of the above analysis results, it is recommended to make full use of online monitoring big data to implement online supervision, strengthen offline law enforcement, strengthen road traffic diversion in congested sections and time periods, effectively reduce endogenous emissions of nitrogen oxides and VOCs, and achieve nitrogen oxidation synergistic control of chemicals and VOCs, effectively reducing the ozone concentration.