小儿常见肿瘤及其外科护理

Common Pediatric Tumors and There Surgical Nursing

摘要: 近三十年来，儿童肿瘤的患病率一直保持着上升的趋势，且恶性肿瘤在其中占多数。虽然肿瘤患病率在持续升高，肿瘤的预后却在逐渐好转。伴随着科技水平的提升，医疗行业的发展以及诊疗手段的多样化，儿童恶性肿瘤的五年生存率较以往有所提升。儿童常见肿瘤治疗方式多以手术治疗为主，术后并发症是难以完全杜绝的。外科护理在治疗过程中的重要性是不言而喻的，外科护理包括日常心理护理、身体营养状况监测及改善和围手术期的护理，其中，围手术期的护理将术前术中术后等与手术相关的每个阶段的护理都囊括其中。优秀的护理能减少患儿的糟糕情绪体验，有益于患儿的身心健康，提高治疗的疗效，减少术后并发症的出现，促进患儿的身体康复。因此，本文将就小儿常见的几种肿瘤及其相应的护理措施进行综述，以期能为临床护理工作的顺利进行提供帮助。

Abstract: For nearly three decades, children are more and more susceptible to tumors, most of which are ma-ligant. Despite rising prevalence, the prognosis is improving. With the improvement of science and technology, the development of medical industry and the diversification of diagnosis and treatment methods, the five-year survival rate of pediatric malignant tumor has been improved compared with the past. Surgical treatment is the main treatment for pediatric malignant tumors, and post-operative complications are inevitable. Surgical nursing, as an indispensable part of the treatment, not only includes daily psychological nursing, physical nutrition monitoring and improvement, but also includes perioperative nursing, preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative nursing measures are targeted. Excellent nursing can reduce the children’s bad emotional experience, facil-itate the physical and mental health of children, improve the curative effect of treatment, reduce the occurrence of postoperative complications, and promote the physical rehabilitation of children. Therefore, this article will review several common pediatric tumors and their corresponding nurs-ing measures, in order to provide help for the smooth clinical nursing work.