基于灰色关联分析的温度对不同播期西瓜品质的影响

Effects of Temperature on Watermelon Quality at Different Sowing Dates Based on Grey Correlation Analysis

摘要: 本文对2019年1月至2021年7月开展的10期暖棚西瓜气象观测与种植试验的重量、糖含量、全发育期日数等主要性状与棚内平均气温的灰色关联度分析，结果表明，2019年12月25日播种的西瓜品质最好，2020年1月15日播种的次之。昌乐暖棚西瓜的适宜移栽温度为18℃~30℃，最佳移栽温度为19℃~20℃。适宜移栽期为12月6日~4月16日，最佳适宜移栽期为12月25日~1月15日。从影响西瓜主要性状的气象因素温度方面提出了提高西瓜品质的管理措施。伸蔓期后，将气温调控在10℃~35℃，有效抑制旺长现象，顺利催化雌花分化，提高西瓜坐果率。坐瓜期避免温差过大，晴天上午授粉且要均匀，避免裂瓜的发生。授粉后合理选择浇水时间，避免西瓜空心。成熟期宜在晴天早上采摘，保证西瓜糖度和口感。

Abstract: Based on the grey correlation degree analysis of the weight, sugar content, days of full growth and other main characters with the mean temperature of watermelon in the greenhouse from January 2019 to July 2021, the results showed that the watermelon sown on December 25, 2019 had the best quality, followed by the watermelon sown on January 15, 2020. The suitable transplanting temperature of watermelon in Changle greenhouse was 18˚C~30˚C, and the best transplanting temperature was 19˚C~20˚C. The optimum transplanting period was from December 6 to April 16, and the optimum transplanting period was from December 25 to January 15. The management measures to improve the quality of watermelon were put forward from the meteorological factors affecting the main characters of watermelon and temperature. After the spreading stage, the temperature was controlled at 10˚C~35˚C, which effectively inhibited the flourishing phenomenon, successfully catalyzed the female flower differentiation, and improved the fruit setting rate of watermelon. During melon sitting period, a large range of temperature differences shall be avoided; pollination shall occur on sunny mornings and make sure the pollination is uniform to avoid the occurrence of cracked melon. After pollination, to avoid hollow watermelon, it is necessary to choose proper watering time. During the ripening period, it is advisable to pick watermelon in the morning on sunny days to ensure the sweetness and taste.