渣层对钢包中废钢运动及熔化影响的水模研究

Water Model Study on the Effect of Slag Layer on the Motion and Melting of Scrap Steel in Ladle

摘要: 废钢铁是可循环利用的绿色再生资源，提高废钢比有利于节约能源，减少碳排放，对钢铁工业实现碳中和具有重要意义。近年来，各大企业在炼钢环节加大废钢的使用量。但废钢在精炼钢包中的熔化机理以及渣层对废钢运动熔化的影响仍然不明确。本文通过水模型实验，基于相变数原理使用冰球来模拟废钢，不同黏度的硅油用于模拟渣层，研究了渣层和吹气搅拌强度对冰样的运动、融化以及形貌变化的影响。结果表明，冰球在无渣条件下其融化过程中形貌基本保持球状；在有渣条件下，冰球在其不同介质中的融化快慢有差异，导致其形貌呈不规则柱状。渣层黏度越大，冰球在液面的运动较慢。渣层黏度对冰球的融化时间无明显影响规律，但有渣层时融化时间低于无渣条件下。吹气流量增加后，渣眼面积有所增加，冰球的融化时间有所下降。

Abstract: Scrap steel is a green renewable resource that can be recycled. Increasing the scrap ratio is beneficial to saving energy and reducing carbon emissions, which is of great importance to realizing carbon neutralization in the iron and steel industry. In recent years, many plants have increased the use of scrap in steelmaking. However, the melting mechanism of scrap in refining ladle and the influence of the slag layer on the motion and melting of scrap are still unclear. In this paper, based on the principles of similarities of phase transformation number, the ice sphere is used to simulate steel scrap. Besides, the silicone oil with different viscosity is used to simulate the slag layer. In the experiment, the effects of slag layer and gas stirring intensity on the motion, melting and morphology evolution of ice samples were studied. The results showed that the morphology of ice spheres remained spherical during melting in the case without slag. For the cases with the slag layer, the melting rate of ice spheres in different fluids is different, resulting in irregular columnar morphology of ice. The larger the viscosity of the slag layer is, the slower the ice sphere moves on the liquid surface. The viscosity of the slag layer has no obvious effect on the melting time of the ice sphere, but the melting time in the case with the slag layer is lower than that in the case without slag. With the increase of gas flow rate, the slag eye area increases, and the melting time of the ice sphere decreases.