我国北方夏玉米田间土壤氨挥发特性分析

Analysis on Soil Ammonia Volatilization Characteristics of Summer Maize in Northern China

摘要: 夏玉米是我国北方地区主要粮食作物，对我国北方地区粮食安全和农民创收有着重要意义。由于我国北方地区气候干旱，风速大，自然条件相对较差，农田氮肥施用量大但利用率较低，氨挥发造成了严重的环境污染。该研究对2000年到2020年的夏玉米氨挥发文献进行分析总结，采用回归方程等方法分析了不同施肥量和施肥时期对夏玉米氨挥发的影响。结果发现，夏玉米氨挥发总量、净氨挥发量，基肥期和追肥期氨挥发量与施肥量都呈现二次函数关系，随着施肥量的增加而增加，且在追肥期氨挥发量高于基肥期。控制夏玉米的氨挥发，应考虑降低氮肥的使用，尤其是控制追肥期的氮肥用量。

Abstract: Summer maize is the main grain crop in northern China, which is of great significance to food security and farmers’ income generation. Due to the arid climate, high wind speed and relatively poor natural conditions in northern China, the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer in farmland is large but the utilization rate is low, and ammonia volatilization causes serious environmental pollution. This study analyzed and summarized the literature on ammonia volatilization of summer maize from 2000 to 2020, and analyzed the influence of different fertilizer application amount and fertilization period on ammonia volatilization of summer maize by means of regression equation. The results showed that the total amount of ammonia volatilization, the amount of net ammonia volatilization, the amount of ammonia volatilization and the amount of fertilizer applied in summer maize showed a quadratic function and increased with the increase of the amount of fertilization applied, and in the topdressing period, the amount of ammonia volatilization is higher than that in base dressing period. To control the ammonia volatilization of summer maize, the use of nitrogen fertilizer should be reduced, especially the amount of nitrogen fertilizer in topdressing period.