论国家减排责任的分配：环境容量的视角

On the Allocation of National Responsibility for Emission Reduction: The Perspective of Environmental Capacity

摘要: 气候变化问题是人类面临的重要环境挑战。国际社会对于应对气候变化逐渐形成共识，但是在具体的减排机制上存在一定争议。目前关于气候变化责任的分担尚缺乏合理的标准提供公平的解决方案。本文基于自然资源的概念和科斯定理，提出将环境容量作为国家管辖范围内的自然资源，从而突破环境容量公共品属性的局限。环境容量的资源属性具有客观基础，而且国际法关于国家资源主权的理念也可以为从资源主权的角度划分国家减排责任提供理论支持。以环境容量为基础形成国家减排责任机制将有利于气候变化责任法公平划分，为建立更为明确的减排框架提供权利基础。

Abstract: Climate change is an important environmental challenge facing mankind. The international com-munity has gradually formed a consensus on addressing climate change, but there are some dis-putes on the specific emission reduction mechanism. At present, there is still a lack of reasonable standards for the sharing of responsibility for climate change to provide a fair solution. Based on the concept of natural resources and Coase theorem, this paper proposes to take environmental capacity as natural resources within the scope of national jurisdiction, so as to break through the limitations of public goods attribute of environmental capacity. The resource attribute of envi-ronmental capacity has an objective basis and the concept of national resource sovereignty in in-ternational law can provide theoretical support for the division of national responsibility of emis-sion reduction from the perspective of resource sovereignty. The establishment of national emission reduction liability mechanism based on environmental capacity will facilitate the fair division of climate change liability law and provide rights basis for the establishment of a more clear emission reduction framework.