亲社会行为产生的“三端”机制

The “Three Terminals” Mechanism of Pro-Social Behavior

摘要: 亲社会行为是人们所表现出来的一系列对他人有利的社会行为。本文回顾过往研究，总结出亲社会行为产生发展的“远端”、“中端”和“近端”(即“三端”)机制模型。具体来说，进化心理机制是人类早期积淀结果，是亲社会行为形成和产生的“远端机制”；“近端机制”涉及个体层面，包括人格特质、“自尊自信”、情绪等个人因素与亲社会行为的关系；而影响亲社会行为形成发展的外部因素则介于远端和近端之间，如社会规范属于“中端机制”。“三端机制”模型对完善亲社会行为的形成发展机制模型有理论价值。

Abstract: Pro-social behavior is a set of social behaviors that people exhibit in a way that is beneficial to others. In this paper, we review past research and summarize the “distal”, “middle”, and “proximal” (i.e., “three-terminal”) mechanisms of pro-social behavior production and development. The “distal”, “middle”, and “proximal” (i.e., “triple terminal”) mechanism models of pro-social behavior are reviewed. Specifically, the evolutionary psychological mechanism is the result of early human, which belongs to the “distal terminal”. The “proximal mechanism” involves the individual level, including the relationship between personality traits, “self-esteem and self-confidence”, emotions and other personal factors and pro-social behavior. The external factors that influence the development of pro-social behavior, which is between the distal and proximal terminals, such as social norms, which belong to the “middle-terminal mechanism”. The “three-terminal mechanism” model has theoretical value for improving the model of pro-social behavior formation and development mechanism.