“接近/回避”交流模式——基于婚姻冲突的视角
“Demand-Withdraw” Interaction Pattern—Based on the Perspective of Marital Conflict
摘要: 接近/回避模式(demand-withdraw)，是指“婚姻中伴侣的一方是要求者，要求对方改变、讨论、或解决争议或处理问题；而另一方是退避者，或者是冲突的避免者，想办法结束或避免争议或问题。本文先回顾了接近/回避模式的定义，从社会学层面介绍了这种模式的形成；其次从人格、依恋类型、相似性、文化差异等因素分析了对这种冲突模式程度的影响；最后探讨了接近/回避模式与婚姻满意度的关系。未来研究应关注具体的情景，情绪状态以及冲突的进程对这种模式的影响。
Abstract: The Demand-withdraw interaction pattern refers to a partner in a marriage is the requester, asking the other to change, discuss, or resolve a dispute or issue; on the other partner is the quitter, or conflict avoiders, looking for ways to end or avoid disputes or problems. The paper first reviews the definition of demand/withdraw pattern, and introduces the formation of this pattern from the social phenomena. Secondly, it analyzed the influence of personality, attachment style, similarity and cultural difference on the degree of conflict pattern. Finally, it discussed the relationship between demand/withdraw pattern and marital satisfaction. Future research should focus on the influence of specific situations, emotional states and the course of conflict on this pattern.
文章引用：刘聚红 (2022). “接近/回避”交流模式——基于婚姻冲突的视角. 心理学进展, 12(8), 2770-2777. https://doi.org/10.12677/AP.2022.128330

参考文献

[1] 琚晓燕, 方晓义, 戴丽琼, 池培莲(2012). 澳门和东北地区夫妻沟通模式与婚姻满意度研究. 心理与行为研究, 10(2), 131-137.
[2] 曾红(2012). 婚姻沟通模式、主观幸福感及其关系的研究. 西北师大学报: 社会科学版, 49(1), 123-127.
[3] 张锦涛, 方晓义, 戴丽琼(2009). 夫妻沟通模式与婚姻质量的关系. 心理发展与教育, (2), 109-115.
[4] Baucom, B. R., Dickenson, J. A., Atkins, D. C., Baucom, D. H., Fischer, M. S., Weusthoff, S. et al. (2015). The Interpersonal Process Model of Demand/Withdraw Behavior. Journal of Family Psychology, 29, 80-90.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[5] Baucom, B. R., McFarland, P. T., & Christensen, A. (2010). Gender, Topic, and Time in Observed Demand-Withdraw Interaction in Cross- and Same-Sex Couples. Journal of Family Psychology, 24, 233-242.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[6] Baxter, L. A. (2004). A Tale of Two Voices: Relational Dialectics Theory. Journal of Family Communication, 4, 181-192.[CrossRef] 
[7] Campbell, M. A. (2005). Cyber Bullying: An Old Problem in a New Guise? Journal of Psychologists and Counsellors in Schools, 15, 68-76.[CrossRef] 
[8] Caughlin, J. P. (2002). The Demand/Withdraw Pattern of Communication as a Predictor of Marital Satisfaction over Time. Human Communication Research, 28, 49-85.[CrossRef] 
[9] Caughlin, J. P., & Ramey, M. E. (2005). The De-mand/Withdraw Pattern of Communication in Parent-Adolescent Dyads. Personal Relationships, 12, 337-355.[CrossRef] 
[10] Chi, P., Epstein, N. B., Fang, X., Lam, D. O., & Li, X. (2013). Similarity of Relationship Standards, Couple Communication Patterns, and Marital Satisfaction among Chinese Couples. Journal of Family Psychology, 27, 806-816.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[11] Christensen, A., & Sullway, M. (1984). Communication Patterns Questionnaire. Unpublished Manuscript, University of California.[CrossRef] 
[12] Christensen, A., Eldridge, K., Catta-Preta, A. B., Lim, V. R., & Santagata, R. (2006). Cross-Cultural Consistency of the Demand/Withdraw Interaction Pattern in Couples. Journal of Marriage and Family, 68, 1029-1044.[CrossRef] 
[13] Clements, M. L., Cordova, A. D., Markman, H. J., & Laurenceau, J. P. (1997). The Erosion of Marital Satisfaction over Time and How to Prevent It. In R. J. Sternberg, & M. Hojjat (Eds.), Satisfaction in Close Relationships (pp. 335-355). The Guilford Press.
[14] Denton, W. H., Burleson, B. R., Hobbs, B. V., Von Stein, M., & Rodriguez, C. P. (2001). Cardiovascular Reactivity and Initiate/Avoid Patterns of Marital Communication: A Test of Gottman’s Psychophysiologic Model of Marital Interaction. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 24, 401-421.[CrossRef] 
[15] Donato, S., Parise, M., Pagani, A. F., Bertoni, A., & Iafrate, R. (2012). Demand-Withdraw, Couple Satisfaction and Relationship Duration. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 140, 200-206.[CrossRef] 
[16] Eldridge, K. A., & Christensen, A. (2002). Demand-Withdraw Communication during Couple Conflict: A Review and Analysis. In P. Noller, & J. A. Feeney (Eds.), Understanding Marriage: Developments in the Study of Couple Interaction (pp. 289-322). Cambridge University Press.[CrossRef] 
[17] Falconier, M. K., & Epstein, N. B. (2010). Female-Demand/Male-Withdraw Communication in Argentinian Couples: A Mediating Factor between Economic Strain and Relationship Distress. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 27, 781-799.[CrossRef] 
[18] Fournier, B., Brassard, A., & Shaver, P. R. (2010). Adult Attachment and Male Aggression in Couple Relationships: The Demand-Withdraw Communication Pattern and Relationship Satisfaction as Mediators. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 26, 1982-2003.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[19] Gilbert, R. L., Murphy, N. A., & Ávalos, M. C. (2011). Communication Patterns and Satisfaction Levels in Three-Dimensional versus Real-Life Intimate Relationships. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 14, 585-589.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[20] Gottman, J. M. (2014). What Predicts Divorce? The Relationship between Marital Processes and Marital Outcomes. Psychology Press.
[21] Gottman, J. M., & Levenson, R. W. (1988). The Social Psychophysiology of Marriage. In P. Noller, & M. A. Fitzpatrick (Eds.), Perspectives on Marital Interaction (pp. 182-200). Multilingual Matters.
[22] Heaven, C., Clegg, J., & Maguire, P. (2006). Transfer of Communication Skills Training from Workshop to Workplace: The Impact of Clinical Supervision. Patient Education and Counseling, 60, 313-325.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[23] Holley, S. R., Sturm, V. E., & Levenson, R. W. (2010). Exploring the Basis for Gender Differences in the Demand-Withdraw Pattern. Journal of Homosexuality, 57, 666-684.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[24] Hopkins, D., & Putnam, R. (2013). Personal Growth through Adventure. Routledge.[CrossRef] 
[25] Huston, T. L. (2009). What’s Love Got to Do with It? Why Some Marriages Succeed and Others Fail. Personal Relationships, 16, 301-327.[CrossRef] 
[26] Huston, T. L., & Houts, R. M. (1998). The Psychological Infrastructure of Courtship and Marriage: The Role of Personality and Compatibility in Romantic Relationships. In T. N. Bradbury, & R. L. Weiss (Eds.), The Developmental Course of Marital Dysfunction (pp. 114-151). Cambridge University Press.[CrossRef] 
[27] Jacobson, N. S. (1983). Beyond Empiricism: The Politics of Marital Therapy. American Journal of Family Therapy, 11, 11-24.[CrossRef] 
[28] Jensen-Campbell, L. A., & Graziano, W. G. (2001). Agreeableness as a Moderator of Interpersonal Conflict. Journal of Personality, 69, 323-362.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[29] Knobloch-Fedders, L. M., Critchfield, K. L., Boisson, T., Woods, N., Bitman, R., & Durbin, C. E. (2014). Depression, Relationship Quality, and Couples’ Demand/Withdraw and De-mand/Submit Sequential Interactions. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 61, 264-279.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[30] McDaniel, S. A., & Tepperman, L. (2014). Close Relations: An Introduction to the Sociology of Families. Pearson Education.
[31] McGinn, M., McFarland, P., & Christensen, A. (2009). Antecedents and Consequences of Demand/Withdraw. Journal of Family Psychology, 23, 749-757.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[32] Nichols, N. B., Backer-Fulghum, L. M., Boska, C. R., & Sanford, K. (2015). Two Types of Disengagement during Couples’ Conflicts: Withdrawal and Passive Immobility. Psychological Assessment, 27, 203-214.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[33] Papp, L. M., Kouros, C. D., & Cummings, E. (2009). Demand-Withdraw Patterns in Marital Conflict in the Home. Personal Relationships, 16, 285-300.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[34] Powers, S. I., Pietromonaco, P. R., Gunlicks, M., & Sayer, A. (2006). Dating Couples’ Attachment Styles and Patterns of Cortisol Reactivity and Recovery in Response to a Relationship Conflict. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90, 613-628.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[35] Rehman, U. S., & Holtzworth-Munroe, A. (2006). A Cross-Cultural Analysis of the Demand-Withdraw Marital Interaction: Observing Couples from a Developing Country. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74, 755-766.[CrossRef] 
[36] Sullivan, K. T., Pasch, L. A., Johnson, M. D., & Bradbury, T. N. (2010). Social Support, Problem Solving, and the Longitudinal Course of Newlywed Marriage. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 98, 631-644.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[37] Weiser, D. A., & Weigel, D. J. (2014). Testing a Model of Communication Responses to Relationship Infidelity. Communication Quarterly, 62, 416-435.[CrossRef] 
[38] Yokotani, K. (2013). Acknowledged Spousal Forms of Address Predict Couple Communication Patterns. Psychologia, 56, 20-32.[CrossRef]