地枇杷灌丛对铅锌尾矿废弃地植物群落和土壤微生物群落的促进效应

The Positive Effect of Ficus tikoua shrubs on Plant Communities and Soil Microbial Communities in the Waste Land of Lead and Zinc Tailings

摘要: 目的：探讨地枇杷灌丛对湘西地区铅锌尾矿废弃地生态恢复过程中植物群落和土壤微生物群落的影响。方法：采用野外调查法分析花垣县典型铅锌尾矿库生长的地枇杷灌丛对植物群落的影响，采用传统培养法和高通量测序技术分析地枇杷灌丛对土壤微生物群落的影响。结果：结果表明：1) 灌丛内的植物物种数、种群丰度指数(R)、Shannon-wiener指数(H₀^´)和植物物种种群均匀度指数(J₀^´)均高于灌丛外，分别是灌丛外的1.38、1.63、1.32和1.19倍，其中物种多样性指数H₀^´和J₀^´的差异达到了显著性水平；2) 灌丛内的细菌、放线菌和真菌的丰度与多度均高于灌丛外，H₀^´指数则表现为灌丛外略高于灌丛内，但灌丛内外无显著差异；3) 地枇杷灌丛对植物群落和土壤微生物群落均具有正促进效应，且对植物群落的促进作用大于对土壤微生物群落的作用；4) 地枇杷灌丛显著促进了硫杆菌属和涅斯捷连科氏菌属微生物类群的多度。结论：地枇杷灌丛有利于花垣铅锌尾矿废弃地的植物物种补充，细菌和放线菌在该过程中发挥了关键作用，地枇杷具有在铅锌尾矿废弃地生态恢复过程中作为看护植物的潜力。

Abstract: In order to evaluate the effects of Ficus tikoua shrub on plant communities and soil microbial communities in the ecological restoration of lead-zinc tailing waste land in western Hunan, field investigation methods were employed to analyze the effects of shrubs on plant communities, while also using a combination of traditional cultivation methods and high-throughput sequencing tech-nology to evaluate the effects of shrubs on soil microbial communities in typical lead-zinc tailing waste land of Huayuan County. The findings revealed that: 1) The species number, the Margalef index (R), the Shannone-Wiener index (H₀^´) and the Pielou index (J₀^´) of plants under F. tikoua shrub canopies were 1.38, 1.63, 1.32 and 1.19 times of those in open areas, respectively, and there was a significant difference in the H₀^´ and J₀^´ index between shrub canopies and open areas; 2) The richness and abundance of soil culturable bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi in the shrubs were higher than those in open areas, and H₀^´ index was slightly higher in open areas than that under shrub canopies, but there was no significant difference between shrub canopies and open areas; 3) F. tikoua shrubs had positive effects on both plant communities and soil microbial communities, and these positive effects on plant communities were greater than the positive effects on soil microbial communities; 4) The abundance of Thiobacillus and Nesterenkonia was significantly increased under shrub canopies. F. tikoua shrubs facilitate the recruitment of plants in Huayuan lead-zinc tailing waste land, and the bacteria and actinomycetes play a key role in this process. Thus, these results highlight the role of F. tikoua shrubs as nurse plants in the process of ecological restoration of Huayuan lead-zinc tailings waste land.