城市社区老年人居家养老意愿探究

Study on Home Pension Willing of the Elderly in Urban Communities

摘要: 目的：由于我国发展社区居家养老服务时间较短，影响因素较多，居家养老服务社会力量参与率低。推动城市老年人选择社区居家养老不仅可以缓解养老服务的巨大压力，同时也可以在社会养老资源相对有限的状况下，有效提高资源利用效率，有助于满足个体多样化需求。方法：利用2018年中国老年社会追踪调查数据(CLASS)，选取城市社区居家老年人为调查对象，采用描述性统计和二元Logistic回归分析探寻影响城市老年人愿意选择社区嵌入式居家养老的因素。结果：个人收入、性别、文化程度、自评健康、子女情感支持、家人意愿对老年人的养老选择都存在影响(P < 0.1)。结论：在当下众多影响因素中，发现尤其是子女情感支持程度以及家庭对老年人养老方式选择的支持程度，也深深影响城市社区老年人居家养老的意向。从而为满足当下老年人更加特色和多样化的服务需求提出相关对策和建议。

Abstract: Objective: Because of the short time and many influencing factors in the development of community care service, the social force participation rate of home care service is low. Promoting the urban el-derly to choose community home care can not only relieve the huge pressure of elderly care ser-vices, but also effectively improve the efficiency of resource utilization under the relatively limited social pension resources, which is helpful to meet the diverse needs of individuals. Methods: Based on the data from the 2018 China Elderly Social Survey (CLASS), the elderly living at home in urban communities were selected as the survey objects. Descriptive statistics and binary Logistic regres-sion analysis were used to explore the factors affecting the willingness of urban elderly to choose embedded home care in community. Results: Personal income, gender, education level, self-rated health, children’s emotional support and family intention all had an impact on the elderly’s choice of retirement (P < 0.1). Conclusions: Among the many influencing factors at present, it is found that, especially the emotional support of children and the support of family for the elderly’s choice of pension mode, also deeply affect the intention of the elderly in urban communities to care at home. Therefore, relevant countermeasures and suggestions are put forward to meet the more character-istic and diversified service needs of the elderly.