德阳市空气污染物浓度与气象要素关联性分析

The Analysis of the Relationship between Air Pollution and Meterological Factors in Deyang Area

摘要: 本文利用德阳站地面观测资料，分析风场等污染气象特征；利用德阳市污染物浓度资料，分析各种污染物的时空分布特征和大气污染物浓度超国家环境空气质量标准二级限值状况。运用文献资料法、皮尔森相关系数法、T检验法和线性回归分析法分析大气污染物浓度与气象条件相关性。研究结果表明：1) 德阳全年主导风向均为北风，频率为11.8%，年平均风速和四季平均风速均较小，未超过1.5 m/s，平均风速秋冬小，春夏大；2) 2015~2021年德阳地区几种污染物中，超过国家二级标准的天数最多的是PM_2.5，逐年为54 d、66 d、65 d、40 d、39 d、32 d、37 d；3) 除O₃日均浓度季节变化规律表现为夏高冬低以及SO₂的季节变化不明显外，其余污染物日均浓度均为夏低冬高；4) SO₂日均浓度与相对湿度、平均气压和风速显著负相关，NO₂日均浓度与相对湿度、平均气温、风速显著负相关，CO日均浓度与平均气温、平均气压、风速显著负相关，O₃日均浓度与平均气温显著正相关，与相对湿度、平均气压、风速显著负相关，PM_2.5和PM₁₀日均浓度均与相对湿度、平均气温、平均气压、风速显著负相关；5)空气污染物日均浓度与气象因子日均值的相关性较为显著，空气污染物月均浓度与气象因子月均值具有一定的相关性，空气污染物年均浓度与气象因子年均值的相关性不明显。

Abstract: The pollution meteorological characteristics have been revealed, including wind, with the ground observation data of Deyang station. In addition to this, using data of pollution concentration from Deyang Environmental Protection Agency, the pollution characteristics have been analyzed, in-cluding spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of contaminants and the days exceeding the Class 2 limit values of the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS). Literature review method, Pearson correlation coefficient method, t check method, linear regression analysis method have been applied in the process of whole research. The relationship between specific pollutant and meteorological factors has been studied. The results showed that: 1) The north wind is prevailing in Deyang area all year round with a frequency of 11.3%, with both annual and season average wind speed less than 1.5 m/s. Winter and autumn average wind speed is higher than summer and spring; 2) Among all the contaminants, PM2.5 is the maximum value in days exceeding the Class 2 limit values of the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS), reaching 54 d, 66 d, 65 d, 40 d, 39 d, 32 d, 37 d. 3) O₃ concentration in summer is higher than that in winter, SO₂ concentration varies little and the other concentrations in winter are higher than that in summer; 4) Significant negative correlation exists between SO₂ daily concentration and relative humidity, air pressure, wind speed, NO₂ daily concentration and relative humidity, temperature, wind speed, CO daily concentration and air pressure, temperature, wind speed, O₃ daily concentration and relative humidity, air pressure, wind speed, PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ daily concentration and relative humidity, air pressure, temperature, wind speed. Significant positive correlation exists between O₃ daily concentration and temperature. 5) Correlations between contaminant daily concentration and meteorological factors are more significant than that of monthly and yearly concentration.