乡村振兴背景下农村宅基地三权分置法律问题研究

Research on Legal Issues of the Separation of Three Rights of Rural Homestead under the Background of Rural Revitalization

摘要: 自2018年《中共中央国务院关于实施乡村振兴战略的意见》针对农村土地制度改革提出了宅基地所有权、资格权和使用权三权分置的政策构想后，关于三权分置的研究及实践便层见叠出。基于研究和试点的发现，诸多学者对于宅基地三权构造存在争议，如所有权–宅基地使用权–次级宅基地使用权等；与此同时，三权的权利来源、法律属性、内容、关系不明确，如果盲目改革会引发集体管理风险，导致宅基地所有权虚化，甚至对农民权益造成损害。文章将从《民法典》、《土地管理法》出发，确定三权构造以及权利的相关内容，帮助宅基地有序流转，实现社会保障与经济效益的平衡。

Abstract: Since the opinions of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on the implementation of the Rural Revitalization Strategy in 2018 put forward the policy concept of the separation of ho-mestead ownership, qualification rights and use rights for the reform of the rural land system, research and practice on the separation of three rights have emerged one after another. Based on the findings of research and pilot projects, many scholars have disputes about the three rights structure of homestead, such as ownership-homestead use right-secondary homestead use right, etc; at the same time, the source, legal attribute, content and relationship of the three rights are not clear. If the blind reform will lead to collective management risks, leading to the virtualization of homestead ownership, and even damage to farmers’ rights and interests. Starting from the civil code and the land management law, this paper will determine the structure of three rights and the relevant contents of rights, help the orderly circulation of homestead, and realize the balance between social security and economic benefits.