基于组合赋权法的古建筑火灾风险评价

Fire Risk Assessment of Ancient Buildings Based on Combination Weighting Method

摘要: 古建筑的的火灾风险评估对文物建筑的保护具有重要意义。本文通过实地调研和查阅文献确定风险评价因素，从火灾危险源、建筑特征、消防安全设施、消防安全管理及火灾处理能力5个准则层指标和17个目标层指标建立了古建筑群火灾危险性评价指标体系。基于层次分析法和熵权法组合赋权法确定各个指标的权重排序，采用定性定量相结合的方法确定火灾主要风险因素。应用该模型对贵州某木结构古建筑火灾风险等级进行评价，危险等级为IV级，消防情况较差，存在较多危险因素。根据评价结果从火灾危险源、建筑特征、消防安全设施、消防安全管理及火灾处理能力五个方面提出完善木结构古建筑风险的实际性措施。

Abstract: The fire risk assessment of ancient buildings is of great significance to the protection of cultural rel-ics. This paper determines the risk assessment factors through field investigation and literature re-view, and establishes the fire hazard of ancient buildings from five criterion-level indicators and 17 target-level indicators from fire hazard sources, building characteristics, fire safety facilities, fire safety management and fire handling capabilities, Evaluation System. Based on the combined weighting method of analytic hierarchy process and entropy method, the weight ranking of each index is determined, and the method of combining qualitative and quantitative is used to deter-mine the main fire risk factors. This model is used to evaluate the fire risk level of an ancient wooden structure in Guizhou. The risk level is IV, the fire protection situation is poor, and there are many risk factors. According to the evaluation results, practical measures to improve the risks of ancient wooden buildings are proposed from five aspects.