论土库曼语动词“-ber”的多维语义功能

On the Dimensional Semantic Function of the Turkmen Verb “-ber”

摘要: 土库曼语是粘着性语言，形态变化丰富及复杂，其中动词是最复杂的一个语法范畴。土库曼语动词“-ber”的形式及语义比较复杂，含有较多的语义功能，不仅可以作实义动词，也可以作体助动词。作体助动词时，除了作持续体，还可以作利他体、进行体、起始体等，此外还可以与时结合。本文根据土库曼语口语资料及书面语实际情况做基础语料，运用“意义–形式–语义”方法，探讨“-ber”的不同形式、不同结构及特点，以及否定形式及其意义。总之，试图透析“-ber”的多维语义功能。

Abstract: Turkmen is a cohesive language with rich and complex morphological changes, of which verbs are the most complex grammatical category. The form and semantics of the Turkmen verb “-ber” are more complex and contain more semantic functions. When used as an auxiliary verb, in addition to the continuous aspect, it can also be used as an altruistic aspect, a progressive aspect, an initial aspect, etc., and can also be combined with time. Based on the Turkmen oral data and the actual situation of the written language, this paper uses the “meaning-form-semantic” method to explore the different forms, structures and characteristics of “-ber”, as well as negative forms and their meanings. In conclusion, this paper attempts to analyze the multi-dimensional semantic function of “-ber”.