高校男子篮球、足球运动员膝关节屈伸肌群等速肌力特征比较研究

Comparative Study on Isokinetic Muscle Strength Characteristics of Knee Flexion and Extension Muscles of Male Basketball and Football Players in Colleges and Universities

摘要: 研究目的：对高校篮球和足球运动员膝关节屈伸肌等速肌力特征进行比较研究，以探究篮球和足球运动员膝关节屈伸肌力的不同，为篮球与足球运动员膝关节肌力的个性化训练和损伤预防提供理论依据。研究方法：选用瑞士生产的Con-trex多关节等速肌力测试与训练系统对内蒙古师范大学体育学院的20名男子篮球二级运动员和20名男子足球二级运动员下肢优势侧膝关节进行等速向心屈伸运动的测试。研究结果：1) 篮球组在三种角速度下伸肌相对峰力矩显著大于屈肌(P < 0.01)；足球组在角速度为60˚/s和240˚/s时伸肌相对峰力矩显著大于屈肌(P < 0.05)；篮球组的伸肌相对峰力矩在角速度为60˚/s和180˚/s时显著大于足球组(P < 0.01)。2) 篮球组在三种角速度下伸肌总功和平均功率均显著大于屈肌(P < 0.01)；足球组在角速度为60˚/s和180˚/s时伸肌总功显著大于屈肌(P < 0.05)，且不论在何种角速度下伸肌平均功率均显著大于屈肌(P < 0.01)；篮球组屈伸肌总功和平均功率均显著大于足球组(P < 0.05)。3) 足球组伸肌的疲劳指数在角速度60˚/s和180˚/s时显著大于屈肌(P < 0.05)；篮球组伸肌耐力只在角速度240˚/s时显著大于足球组(P < 0.05)。研究结论：1) 所有运动员膝关节伸肌力量明显大于屈肌，屈伸肌力量平衡；篮球组运动员的伸肌力量在角速度为60˚/s和180˚/s时显著强于足球组。2) 所有运动员伸肌工作能力和爆发力明显大于屈肌；篮球运动员的屈伸肌工作能力、爆发力和快速力量显著强于足球运动员。3) 在慢速和中速运动中足球运动员的伸肌抗疲劳能力弱于屈肌；在快速运动中篮球运动员的伸肌耐力和抗疲劳的能力强于足球运动员。

Abstract: Objective: To compare the characteristics of knee flexion and extensor isokinetic muscle strength of college basketball and football players, in order to explore the difference of knee flexion and extensor muscle strength of basketball and football players, and to provide theoretical basis for individualized training of knee muscle strength and injury prevention of basketball and football players. Methods: The Con-trex multi-joint isokinetic muscle strength test and training system produced by Switzerland was used to test the isokinetic flexion and extension of the dominant knee joint of the lower limbs of 20 male basketball second-level players and 20 male football second-level players from the Physical Education College of Inner Mongolia Normal University. Results: 1) In the basketball group, the relative peak torque of extensor muscle was significantly higher than that of flexor muscle (P < 0.01). In the football group, the relative peak torque of extensor muscle was significantly higher than that of flexor muscle when the angular velocity was 60˚/s and 240˚/s (P < 0.05). The relative peak torque of extensor muscle in basketball group was significantly higher than that in football group at angular velocity of 60˚/s and 180˚/s (P < 0.01). 2) In the basketball group, the total work and average power of extensor muscles were significantly higher than those of flexor muscles at three angular velocities (P < 0.01); In football group, the total work of extensor muscle was significantly higher than that of flexor muscle at 60˚/s and 180˚/s angular velocity (P < 0.05), and the average power of extensor muscle was significantly higher than that of flexor muscle at any angular velocity (P < 0.01). The total work and average power of flexion and extensor muscles in basketball group were significantly higher than those in football group (P < 0.05). 3) The fatigue index of extensor muscles in football group was significantly higher than that of flexor muscles at angular velocities of 60˚/s and 180˚/s (P < 0.05); The extensor endurance of the basketball group was significantly higher than that of the football group only at an angular velocity of 240˚/s (P < 0.05). Conclusions: 1) The strength of knee extensor muscles was significantly greater than that of flexor muscles in all athletes, and the flexor and extensor muscles were balanced; The extensor strength of the basketball group was significantly stronger than that of the football group at the angular velocities of 60˚/s and 180˚/s. 2) The working capacity and explosive power of the extensor muscles of all athletes were significantly greater than those of the flexor muscles; The flexion and extensor working ability, explosive power and quick strength of basketball players are significantly better than those of football players. 3) In slow and medium speed sports, the extensor muscles of football players have weaker anti-fatigue ability than the flexor muscles; The extensor endurance and fatigue resistance of basketball players are better than that of football players in fast movement.