汉语光杆名词的语义特征分析

Analysis of Semantic Features of Chinese Bare Nouns

摘要: 与汉语动词领域的研究相比，汉语名词词组的研究一直都比较薄弱。原因是汉语名词的结构和语义非常复杂。在对名词词组的研究中，对于汉语光杆名词的指称性研究(“特指”，“泛指”，亦或是“通指”)是最近研究的热点。大多数的研究者都注意到了，光杆名词的指称含义与其在句子中所处的位置息息相关，但是位置也不是唯一影响光杆名词指称含义的因素。句子谓语部分的不同性质和语境也会影响光杆名词的指称含义。本文将通过系统的观察和分析光杆名词在不同位置和在不同性质谓语中所表现出的不同的指称性加深对汉语光杆名词语义特征的理解。

Abstract: Compared with the study of Chinese verbs, the study of Chinese noun phrases has been relatively weak. The reason is that the structure and semantics of Chinese nouns are very complex. In the study of noun phrases, the referential nature of bare nouns, whether it is “definite” or “indefinite” or “generic (i.e., refers to type, category)” is a hot topic of recent research. Most researchers have noticed that the reference of bare nouns is closely related to their position in the sentence, but the position is not the only factor that affects the reference of bare nouns. The different nature and context of the predicate part of a sentence will also affect the reference of bare nouns. This paper will deepen the understanding of the semantic characteristics of Chinese bare nouns by systematically observing and analyzing the different referentiality of bare nouns in different positions and predicates with different properties.