高空抛坠物中物业服务企业的安全保障义务研究——基于《民法典》第1254条第2款的分析

Research on the Safety Protection Obligations of Property Service Enterprises in Dropping Objects from a Height—Analysis Based on Article 1254, Paragraph 2 of the Civil Code

摘要: 《民法典》第1254条新增物业服务企业等建筑物管理人为责任主体，并为其设定安全必要保障义务，因此本文首先对物业服务企业安保义务的主体、目的及内容进行界定，并分析确定安保义务的性质为私法义务、法定义务、作为义务。其次对该安保义务做出了限制，由确立抽象的原则到设定具体的要求，以防其负担过重而违背公平原则。对于违反必要安全保障义务的物业服务企业，其责任承担应分为实际加害人明确与否两种情形进行分析。

Abstract: Article 1254 of the Civil Code adds property service enterprises and other building managers as subjects of responsibility and sets obligations for their security necessities. Therefore, this paper first defines the subject, purpose and content of security obligations of property service enterprises and analyzes the nature of security obligations as private law obligations, statutory obligations and obligations as such. Secondly, it makes restrictions on this security obligation, from establishing abstract principles to setting specific requirements, in order to prevent it from being overburdened and violating the principle of fairness. For the violation of the necessary security obligations of the property service enterprises, their liability should be divided into two situations to analyze whether the actual perpetrators are clear or not.